Problem statement. Large areas of light openings in modern buildings and translucent facade systems lead to excessive solar radiation entering the premises of buildings and, as a result, to overheating of the premises. Regulatory documents on the sun protection of buildings provide for a reduction in the intake of solar radiation, but the temperature regime in the irradiated rooms remains uncontrolled, due to the lack of methods for assessing and regulating the temperature regime. Well-known studies consider only certain aspects of sun protection. In this regard, the development of a method for determining the increment of air temperature in irradiated rooms, which would take into account all the variety of factors affecting sun protection is very relevant. Results. The article describes the developed method, provides a numerical example of calculation and shows that the main factors affecting the increment of air temperature in irradiated rooms are the amount of solar energy received in the premises. The developed method will allow to improve the system of sun protection of buildings during their design.

There is a need to develop a new method for calculating the displacement of the reinforcement of a periodic profile in the embedment under static loading, which most simply takes into account the actual work of the reinforcement and concrete in the zone of their direct contact, and also describes the stress-strain state at all stages of loading from the beginning of slippage to the destruction of the embedment. Objectives of the work: analysis of domestic and foreign studies and identification of the state of the issue in assessing the displacement of reinforcement in the embedment. A new model and a new method for calculating the displacement of reinforcement in concrete are proposed based on the analysis of existing models and methods for assessing the SSS. Results. Theoretical studies of the behavior of the reinforcement of a periodic profile in the embedment under static loading have been carried out. A new model of embedding operation is presented, on the basis of which the equations of reinforcement displacements are obtained, with the help of which it is possible to estimate the stress-strain state of the concrete-reinforcement contact at all stages of loading. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry lies in the fact that the proposed model and calculation method allow the most accurate assessment of the stress-strain state of the "concrete-rebar" contact zone in the problem of drawing reinforcement of a periodic profile from a concrete block under static loading. This is a significant contribution to the theory of adhesion of ribbed reinforcement to concrete.

Problem statement. The most common reason for strengthening the zones of the floor slab penetration is the absence or insufficiency of transverse reinforcement in these zones. Non-coaxiality of vertical load-bearing elementsis much less often. At the same time, the normative framework regulates the amount of maximum permissible deviations relative to the axis of vertical elements or their non-coaxiality. In the case of excessive deviations, it is recommended to dismantle this structural element. In the practice of construction in Russia, dismantling the entire building (if the non-coaxiality of all vertical elements is detected) with its re-erection is economically impractical. However, due to the lack of standard projects for strengthening the penetration zones, as well as a model for calculating them by numerical methods, it becomes necessary to develop them. The purpose of the work is to develop a model for strengthening the punching zones. The tasks of the work are numerical study of the frame with the construction of two computational models in the software package "LIRA-CAD", analysis of the results of the stress-strain state of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame made with non-coaxiality of columns in height, determination of non-design efforts in the areas of floor slabs punching and platform joint of columns with abnormal execution of longitudinal working reinforcement, checking the bearing capacity of the elements of the uncompleted monolithic reinforced concrete frame in the case of additional bending moments from the action of a vertical load with eccentricity at the junctions of the column with the overlap. Results. The main results of the study are the development of an optimal method of strengthening platform joints to ensure the operable condition of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame and exclusion of the destruction of the floor slab from being forced through when additional bending moments occur from non-coaxiality of columns with the displacement of the longitudinal working reinforcement in them. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the fact that the developed method of reinforcement in the presence of deviations of the frame columns exceeding the maximum permissible regulatory values eliminates the collapse of floor slabs from pushing through, as well as the destruction of platform joints.

Problem statement. According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1853-r dated September 1, 2016, the share of residential buildings with high energy efficiency should continuously increase up to 30 % by 2025 in relation to the level of 2015. The requirements for energy saving in buildings are constantly tightening, which means that it becomes more difficult to achieve high energy efficiency in buildings. At the same time, the resource for improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings is also quite limited. In this regard, an urgent task is to assess the possibility of achieving high energy saving classes in a residential building in the Russian climate by architectural, structural and engineering measures, which is the goal of the present study. To achieve this goal, the work solved the tasks of assessing the impact on the energy saving class of a residential building of the main architectural and structural parameters of the building, as well as assessing the potential for increasing the energy saving class through the use of a mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system in a residential building. Results. Calculation and analysis of energy saving parameters was carried out for a single-section residential building with different number of storeys, facade glazing coefficient and resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures, as well as the use of heat recovery in the ventilation system. The study was conducted on the example of a building model for 36 cities of the Russian Federation in various climatic conditions. It is shown that for a one-section residential building designed without the use of additional (in excess of the normative) energy-saving measures, the energy saving class does not rise above "B", regardless of the number of storeys of the building. It has been proven that additional insulation of enclosing structures does not lead to an effective increase in energy savings. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry lies in the fact that it shows the necessity to include additional (above the normative) energy saving measures in the projects of multi-apartment residential buildings in order to achieve high energy saving classes.

Problem statement. Today, trusses made of square hollow sections occupy the vast majority of the market among the load-bearing truss structures of the roof. Their advantages include cost-effectiveness and the absence of gussets. However, at the same time, verification calculations of such trusses require special attention to the nodes, and often the section of the element is determined based on the strength of the node, and not the truss element. Increasing the bearing capacity of the nodes of such farms will improve their economic efficiency.The paper deals with analytical and numerical studies to determine the stress-strain state of a concrete or fiber concrete block in a truss node made of square hollow sections. At the same time, a distinctive feature is that the nodes are strengthened locally. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the method of calculating a fiber concrete block as part of a reinforced truss node will improve their technical and economic performance or solve the problem of heavily loaded nodes of such trusses. Purpose of the work: thedevelopment of analytical dependencies based on idealized design schemes of a fiber concrete block to determine its stress-strain state under a concentrated load, reflecting with a sufficient degree of reliability the stress-strain state of a block inside a loaded assembly of square hollow sections. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were formulated: to determine an independent design scheme of a fiber concrete block that most closely reflects its stress-strain state as part of the design model of the node, including braces and truss chords; to establish the applicability of the beam analogy to the design scheme of the block and propose a method for calculating the fiber concrete block, taking into account the beam analogy. Results. The main results of the work consist in the developed method for assessing the stress-strain state of a fiber concrete block as part of reinforced truss units from square hollow sections. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry lies in the fact that the considered possible approaches to determining the stress-strain state of a fiber concrete block as part of a reinforced truss assembly made of square hollow sections make it possible to use this reinforcement method in practice, which will reduce the metal consumption and deformability of the considered trusses from square hollow sections.

Problem statement. The replacement of a part of the mineral binder with production waste is an urgent issue of construction materials science. The paper presents the studies of the effect of a mineral additive based on ground blast furnace slag on the properties of concrete and concrete mixtures. It is also known that mechanical activation affects the surface of the particles, thereby changing not only the chemical, but also the physical properties of the activated material. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a mineral additive based on ground blast furnace slag, including after mechanical activation, for the production of concrete and concrete mixtures. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of a mineral additive based on ground blast furnace slag and its mechanical activation on the mobility of concrete mixtures and the strength properties of concrete. Results. The main results of the study are that the introduction of a mineral additive based on ground blast furnace slag in the amount of 10-30% slightly increases the mobility of the concrete mixture and the strength of concrete. However, mechanical activation of the mineral additive makes it possible to increase the mobility of the concrete mixture from 4.5 to 17 cm while reducing the strength of concrete to 36% in comparison with the control composition. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in substantiating the possibility of replacing part of the cement with a mineral additive based on ground blast furnace slag for the manufacture of heavy concrete of medium strength.

The relevance of the research is due to the unfavorable environmental situation that causes the destruction of white stone masonry due to chemical and mycological effects, as well as economic aspects of the use of local mining waste in restoration work. Studies have been conducted on the selection of the composition of composite material for the restoration and reconstruction of white stone architectural monuments of the XII-XIII centuries of the "Golden Ring of Russia". The aim of the study is to develop compositions similar to natural masonry materials for the restoration and reconstruction in terms of physical and mechanical properties. The objectives of the work are: -development of a pre-composite composition for white stone, which would allow full replacement of ancient masonry materials. -studies semi-baked dolomite waste, recluse-bischofiteas the basis of the proposed composite material and foam glass-ceramic microgranules asfiller. -selection of the most suitable starting materials to increase the strength and resistance of the composition to external influences. Results. Compositions were selected and materials for restoration and reconstruction were synthesized on the basis of dolomite and limestone waste with chemical additives that improve the technological qualities of the solution. These include plasticizer (polycarboxylate), potassium and ammonium phosphates, glass fiber, foam glass-ceramic microgranules that are not inferior in their physical and mechanical properties and microstructure to the historical white stone. According to their technical and economic indicators, the developed restoration compositions make it possible to return the architectural monuments to their original state with minimal costs. Conclusions. According to their properties, the compositions obtained make it possible to use them as additional components for the restoration of white stone masonry, which probably returns the original appearance to the monuments of the 12th-13th centuries. The introduction of new composite materials may well replace medium-sized masonry materials.

Problem statement. The organization of work to control the effectiveness of anti-corrosion protection systems involves certain problems related to complexity of making electrical contact between the measuring equipment and the ground, the high laboriousness of measurements in urban environments, also the need for subsequent office data processing and a high probability of incorrect values due to the influence of «human factor». The article considers aspects of the development of a system for monitoring corrosion protection parameters of gas supply networks using short-range wireless data transmission. The relevance of the study is due to the need to form a reliable and economical system for collecting and processing information about the state of protection objects from the protection of gas distribution systems based on modern digital technologies. The purpose of the study: Development of technical and technological solutions for the creation of an automated system for collecting and processing information on the technical condition of the gas distribution networks of «Gazprom Transgaz Kazan» LLC in terms of corrosion protection. The main research objectives: determination of priority production facilities for electrochemical protection for the implementation of short-range wireless data transmission technology; analysis of technical characteristics and types of implementation objects in order to determine the conditions for future operation of short-range wireless data transmission devices and their layout; development of requirements for a prototype equipment. Results. A study of the possibilities and conditions for the use of short-range wireless data transmission technology (NFC) for electrochemical protection systems of gas distribution networks of «Gazprom Transgaz Kazan» LLC has been carried out, the composition and main functional parameters of the elements have been determined. Conclusions. The requirements for the prototype of equipment for monitoring the parameters of electrochemical protection of gas distribution systems of «Gazprom Transgaz Kazan» LLC with the use of wireless data transmission technology of short range have been formed, the priority objects of implementation have been identified. The obtained technical solutions will make it possible to build correct digital models of the distribution of protective potentials along the length of gas pipelines, depending on the parameters of electrochemical protection installations, and thus solve the problems of optimizing the operation of equipment without the introduction of expensive telemetry systems, thereby reducing operating costs.

Statement of the problem. The main difference between heat transfer through enclosing structures in the ground and heat transfer through other enclosing structures is the influence of the thickness of the surrounding soil, the dimensions of which are disproportionately larger than other elements of underground structures. The issue of heat loss through the elements of enclosing structures, located above ground level, is widely considered in the literature, however, the heat loss of the underground part of the building remains not fully understood. The purpose of the work is to study the non-stationary mode of heat transfer of the wall in the ground and to determine the factors that largely affect the heat loss of the underground part of the building. The objectives of the study are: to determine the heat loss of the wall in the soil of different heights depending on the season and the thermophysical characteristics of the soil, as well as the effect of the junction of the wall and the floor in the soil. Relevance.At the moment, work is underway to revise the methods of engineering calculation of resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures in the ground, for which the values of specific heat losses for various nodes of the underground part of the building are required. Results. The paper presents the results of a study of heat fluxes through a wall in the ground, depending on the coordinate of the structure and the season, the assessment of the influence of the thermal diffusivity of the soil on the obtained dependences, the presence of the influence of the junction of the wall in the ground with the floor in the ground on heat loss is shown. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that their use for finding the specific heat loss of heat engineering inhomogeneities of the underground part of the building will improve the accuracy and facilitate the design of enclosing structures in the ground.

Light steel thin-walled structures are actively used in the construction of quickly erected buildings and structures for various purposes. The use of such structures requires a detailed analysis of the stress-strain state, especially in stability calculations. The purpose of the study is to compare two methods of computations of compressed thin-walled C-profile rods by the method of normative-legal documentation and by the performed numerical experiments in the Siemens FEMAP 11.4.2 program-computer complex with NX Nastran. The numerical experiment is carried out taking into account geometrical and physical nonlinearities. The objects of the research are rods of the same cross section with six different lengths. The results are compared by stability coefficients and by forms of local stability loss. For small values of flexibility the deviation in the results does not exceed 2%, for significant values of flexibility the difference in the results reaches 9.7%. This paper provides evidence that for certain values of flexibility a good convergence of calculation results by analytical method on the basis of methods approved in the standards and the results of numerical experiment in the calculation software based on the method of finite elements is achieved.

Problem statement. One of the main problems in asphalt concrete pavements of metal bridges with an orthotropic slab is crack appearance in asphalt pavement above the main beams of superstructures. However, at the moment there is no developed method for selecting the geometric and physical-mechanical parameters of such structures. In particular, there is no universally recognized and comprehensively studied calculation model that allows determining the stress-strain state in asphalt concrete pavements of bridges. Taking into account that the bridge deck is, in fact, a multilayer slab, and the methods for calculating single-layer slabs using the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis are well developed for various loading and boundary conditions only for homogeneous plates, the purpose of this study is to reduce the problem of calculating a multilayer slab to solving the equation, similar to the Sophie-Germain equation. Result. The equation similar to the Sophie-Germain equation was obtained, which made it possible to describe the operation of multilayer slabs. At the same time, preliminary calculations showed that if Poisson,s ratios differ from the average value by no more than 10%, the results obtained by the proposed method and those obtained in certified software products differ by no more than 5%. Conclusions. Assuming a hypothesis about equality of Poisson,s ratios allows us to introduce the concept of a neutral surface for a multilayer slab and determine its location. In this case, the problem of calculating a multilayer slab is reduced to solving an equation similar to the Sophie-Germain equation, with the introduction of the concept of reduced cylindrical stiffness. The possibility of applying this type of equations to the analysis of bridge structures is confirmed by previous studies.

Problem statement. In the context of globalization, the issues of revealing and translating the identity of the territory in the reorganization of parks, squares, embankments are especially relevant. The aim of the study is to show the specifics of modern methods used to survey urban public spaces, ensuring the preservation of territorial identity with the use of temporary architectural structures as a way to transfer the intangible aspects of the history of the territory, as well as complementing or changing the scenario use of the urban environment. The main objectives are to study various types of the concept of «local identity»; to identify current trends and approaches to the reorganization of urban public spaces as part of the urban environment; to develop recommendations on the use of methodological arsenal in the formation of public spaces, taking into account the preservation of the value meanings of the projected territory. Results. Using the example of parks in Vladivostok and Kazan, the process of identifying and taking into account local identity during the renovation of parks and their further functioning is demonstrated. Conclusions. The results obtained are significant for the architecture and urban planning because the offered complex methodology of territory research allows revealing the problems and determining the approaches for the preservation of the "spirit of place". This complex methodological apparatus of territory research has practical and theoretical value in urban planning activities in the design of public spaces in modern conditions. The presented experience shows the effectiveness of the developed methods, including participative approaches, and will help in the future in practice to optimize the algorithm of the planned strategy to identify and preserve the «image» and architectural uniqueness of the environment.

Problem statement. The article deals with the issues of joint development of cities subordinate to a single concept of a territorial brand. A review is presented; the most promising concepts for uniting cities and subordinating them to a common idea are described, implemented and planned for implementation in Russia. Results. As a result, the regions were identified where the cities were united under a single concept, a territorial umbrella brand. The conditions for grouping cities were determined for their inclusion in the general idea of the development of the territory, based on umbrella territorial brands. The prospects for the development of territorial brands in Russia and the territory where this practice is not yet available are outlined. Conclusions. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing the concept of tourism, as well as in the strategies for the spatial and economic development of the region, in the development of local regulations. On the basis of the results obtained, it is proposed to form an integrated approach and manifest the idea of a territorial brand at different levels from urban planning to the concept of urban environment design.

Problem statement. The purpose of this study is to identify the key features of the formation of modern transport interchange hubs (TPUs), to determine the factors affecting their placement and integration into the urban structure, to identify the spatial decisions that are made during design. One of the main tasks of TPU today is a comfortable and safe transfer of residents from one type of vehicle to another. Integrated transport hubs in the urban environment represent the most common type of TPU placement. Multi-level TPUs combine many functions for the life of the population, thereby forming centers of attraction for citizens, creating new jobs, organizing new urban centers. Transport hubs today are not only a comfortable change of transport; they are centers of urban activity. Results. The experience of designing and reconstructing TPU in various cities of the world is considered. The features of the integration of transport functions into urban objects of social and business activity are revealed. Conclusions. Having studied and analyzed the international and domestic experience in the design and implementation of TPU, key features and trends in the functional zoning of the TPU space, the organization of the three-dimensional structure of TPU, distinctive features and the possibility of placing them in the urban structure were identified.

Problem statement. The article aims to develop a model of an urban farming facility as a public center based on the social trends of the urban community in modern Russia. The domestic behavioral culture of growing plant products in the city is analyzed. The experience of the existing architecture of foreign urban farms, including public functions, is considered. Results. Architectural techniques of joint work of public and plant-growing spaces are revealed. Conclusions. A model of the urban farming center has been developed as an embodiment of the Russian social culture of crop production in architectural terms. The possibilities of developing recreational infrastructure, architecture of multifunctional public centers and industrial facilities of Russian cities are revealed.

This study is aimed at forming a systematic approach to the design of housing for the elderly, taking into account the necessary services for them. Based on the experience of creating a system of medical and cultural and household care, it is necessary to identify the features of the organization of the elderly persons residence. The aim of the work was to create a methodology for the formation of a complete environment for people over 74 years old based on the typological features of objects for the provision of assistance and care. To achieve this goal, tasks were set to clarify the typology and factors that affect the spatial solutions of houses for the elderly, to establish the mutual influence between the model of assistance and the principles of housing design, taking into account the necessary readaptation of a person in old age. As a result of the study, the following groups of factors were identified that affect the basic methods of forming a living environment for the elderly; typological types of housing that take into account the entire range of their services. The study suggests the principles of designing a home for elderly people based on a readaptation service model. The obtained research results allow us to deduce evaluation criteria for existing or projected facilities for the living conditions of elderly people. Taking into account the factors influencing the formation of an elderly persons life environment implies a change in the quality of architectural and design solutions, and, possibly, the regulatory and recommendation base. Also, the significance of the results obtained consists in the systematic design modeling of the residential environment for the elderly, which allows us to substantiate the accepted version of architecture.

Problem statement. The relevance of the study is due to the need to optimize the temperature and humidity regime during the operation of objects of historical and architectural heritage, aimed at reducing the rate of destruction of authentic construction and finishing materials. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations on the use of modern moisture-regulating materials for interior decoration of cultural heritage objects, combined in their properties with historical plasters. The objectives of the study are to confirm the feasibility of using special types of plaster to maintain a stable, favorable microclimate of premises and to create the possibility of further operation of historical buildings; to create a basis for further research on the use of modern building materials optimizing the microclimate of premises in the restoration practice of architectural monuments. Results. The authors analyzed the functional and construction and operational properties of modern moisture-regulating materials for interior decoration during the restoration of cultural heritage objects. As a result of the conducted research, recommendations were developed for the use of a special Baumit Klima finishing system based on lime and natural components of Baumit company (Austria/Russia, Dubna) in the restoration practice of cultural heritage objects. A distinctive feature of the studied plaster is its ability to absorb moisture from the air much more efficiently than the vast majority of currently existing traditional lime plasters on lime, complex cement-lime and gypsum binder. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architectural practice consists in confirming the expediency of using special types of plasters during the restoration of cultural heritage objects, in order to create a favorable microclimate in the premises and maintain the regulatory requirements of operation.

Landscape and recreational spaces of modern cities in the past few years are subject to reconstruction activities. The use of a systematic approach and analysis in the study of landscape and recreational spaces makes it possible to systematize data on the existing historical and cultural heritage of the preserved historical landscape complexes, assess the possibilities of their preservation, and give recommendations for their subsequent use. As a result of this study, architectural features and patterns of formation of landscape and recreational spaces were revealed. The results obtained can be applied in design activities and in the formation of a training course in architecture and engineering universities.