Problem statement. Developing in the context of the international character of modernist architecture of the XX century, regional architectural schools were distinguished by the search for the expression of national identity through various means of expression. The purpose of the article is to expand the field of knowledge of the theory of architecture associated with the formation of regional architecture of Soviet modernism in the Republic of Tatarstan, to define and characterize the forms of its national component and to find out the importance of «national» for the history of the Russian architecture. Results. The analysis of theoretical studies revealed the national component and its characteristics in the regional architecture of the Soviet modernism of Tatarstan. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained research results for architecture consists in the expansion of knowledge in the field of the regional originality of the architecture of Tatarstan during the period of Soviet modernism. Further developments in the context of the regional architecture can be based on the experience of the theory and practice of Soviet architecture in the search for national-regional identity.

Problem statement. The purpose of the article is to expand the scientific knowledge about bioprojecting in architecture, as well as to determine the future prospects for the development of bioarchitecture. Results. The main results of the research consist in obtaining a bioarchitecture development table from the beginning of the most ancient period, ending with a forecast up to 2100 using the example of architectural analogues, both theoretical and project ones; allow you to define new principles for designing architecture; in the future can be used in subsequent research, educational process, experimental design. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the architecture is that the use of bioarchitecture in modern cities will create a new, human-interacting, responsive, developing and functioning architecture, and also contributes to rethinking the formation and functioning of the architecture and architectural space; energy efficiency.

Problem statement. This article is supposed to consider the professional and creative activity of architects who held the position of a provincial architect from the moment of the formation of the Ryazan province until the middle of the XIXth century and identify the results of their work. Results. On the basis of a large number of identified archival documents, regulatory documents and bibliographic material, an attempt has been made to describe the activity of Ryazan architects both as civil servants and as creative people. On the one hand, they, by virtue of their professional duties, «absorbed» the problems of society and were called upon to them. On the other hand, such specialists, in the course of an endless chain of legislative acts, decrees and circulars, remained artists and creators. Conclusions. The article provides brief biographical information, identifies and describes the most significant author buildings erected during the implementation of town planning activity, which allows evaluating their contribution to the architectural arrangement of the city of Ryazan.

Problem statement. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the reconstruction of existing urban embankments and improving the quality of public spaces. The purpose of the research is to describe the modern approaches of the architectural and urban planning organization of embankments, their introduction into the proposed development concept using the example of the Tabeev embankment in Naberezhnye Chelny. It is necessary to carry out the pre-project and historical analysis of the territory, the identification of actual problems, the identification of priority areas for the organization of the embankment space. Results. The main results of the research consist in identifying the following modern approaches of the architectural and urban planning organization of embankments: urban, landscape, combined, their approbation and introduction into the proposed development model of the territory of the chosen embankment. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the architecture is that the identified approaches of the architectural and urban planning organization of embankments can be applied in the draft concept of development not only of the chosen Tabeev embankment, but also when considering other embankments with similar conditions.

Problem statement. The purpose of the article was to analyze the prospects for the introduction of urban farms in the urban environment, as well as expanding the functionality of urban farms, which will lead to their separation into a new type of public space. Results. The main results of the research are to identify additional tasks of urban farms and their implications for economic and socio-cultural development cities. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the architecture consists in the possibility of separating a new type of public space based on the urban farm, which meet current environmental, functional, technological and aesthetic requirements.

Problem statement. The purpose of this article is to review the theories and concepts of public spaces and their types. Results. The main results of the research are recommendations for the development of a model for the development of public spaces in the territory of the former industrial zones in the middle part of the city of Kazan, taking into account theoretical and experimental practical experience. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architectural practice is that the proposed approach of purposeful development of public spaces will ensure the formation of systems of new diverse public spaces. Thanks to this process, the social interaction of the city residents is intensified, the economic development of the territory is stimulated and the ecological rehabilitation of the former industrial territories is promoted.

Problem statement. The article conducts a study of the creation of a memorial park «Sokolinaya Gora» with the development of a tourist center in v. Upper Uslon. The authors set the following tasks: 1) Review the history and topography of the village, identify historical facts and landscape characteristics in order to understand the significance for the area. A study is being conducted for the project concept, which could be used to substantiate the choice of the territory for the memorial park and designate its significance for the tourist development of the Republic of Tatarstan, and influence the compositional decision of the tourist complex. 2) Develop the concept of a functional and imaginative model of the park itself and the tourist center. Results. The main results of the study are to determine the territory of the memorial park in the village of Verkhniy Uslon and the architectural and functional model of the tourist center. Conclusions. The significance of the results for architecture consists in the development of a new tourist object for the Republic of Tatarstan – the Sokolinaya Gora memorial park, which includes important cultural and historical components. The authors also proposed an innovative model of a rural tourist complex capable of satisfying the different needs of a tourist. The construction of such an object as a memorial complex with the development of a tourist center in the area can give a positive result for the development of tourism in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify the principles of the formation of the architectural space on the water frame, because there is an urgent need to develop new clusters of human habitat during the period of the demographic boom and depletion of the land resource. Results. The main results of the research consist in deriving the principles for the formation of architectural space in the water area, namely: the connection of the architecture with the water frame, resistance to cataclysms, replenishment of energy and resource costs, monitoring function, adaptation to the environment, highly adaptable, aqua morphological aspects. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the architecture is that these principles will allow formulating the canons of building a new typology of water architecture in the region of the Russian Federation.

Problem statement. Authoritative statements of domestic and foreign researchers of current processes in architecture as well as increasing influence of their articles allow us to conclude the particular significance of texts about architecture. The present work aims to define similarities and match the definitions of the concept of a generic city (as in Rem Koolhaas’ «Generic City») with ongoing processes, trends, and significant marks and objects in architecture of Kazan in the beginning of the XXI century. Results. The comparative analysis of essays by generic architect Rem Koolhaas and the special edition of «Project Russia» magazine (№ 81) revealed multiple coincidence between description and definitions of a concept city and a real one – modern Kazan. This coincidence helps to apply the figurative analogy of a «generic-city» to any historical city growing dynamically and discover symptoms of its «growing pains». Among them are systematic renovation, acquiring satellite cities, significance of green areas and green belt, high-rises, intensive development of tourism, cultivating of false images of a city memory. Conclusions. The importance of the achieved results for architecture is in bringing back architectural texts to the front end of scientific interest; in comprehensive expansion of architectural discourse in Kazan. Realization of Kazan as a generic city allows to interpret current changes in its architecture as an important and urgent sign of a dramatic shift in identity of a historical place and its inhabitants.

Problem statement. The purpose of the work is the selection of the most relevant methods of resource saving for serial housing, collecting and analyzing the experience of the principles of resource saving in residential buildings of different heights, their classification. Results. The main results of the research are to identify and classify resource saving methods that are acceptable for projects. Analysis of their profitability. A review and analysis of the visual series of analogues of implemented projects. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the architecture consists in identifying the resource-saving principles of modernization in the architecture of mass housing, which includes working with the emotional posture of residents, increases the prestige of housing and improves the view of the city.

Problem statement. The article discusses the problems (features, conditions, factors) of the formation of public spaces in the structure of urban agglomerations at the present stage. The author has set the task: on the basis of taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the territory, to identify factors and conditions for the functioning of public spaces in the structure of the urban agglomeration. Based on the analysis of literature and legal acts, field research, the current trends and the role of public spaces in the development of urban agglomeration are shown. Results. In the course of the study, the author presents historical background, problems in the functioning of public spaces. Covered measures for the formation of public spaces in the urban agglomeration. The reasons for the emergence of public spaces are presented. The current trends in the development of public spaces are considered by the example of the Kazan agglomeration, and both their positive aspects and disadvantages are revealed. The proposals for the development of public spaces with the aim of developing the territory of the Kazan agglomeration are given. Conclusions. The significance of the research results lies in the development of proposals aimed at the systematic development of the territory of the Kazan agglomeration in the context of the problem under consideration. The selected conditions for the development of public spaces include: the removal of administrative barriers, the improvement of spatial planning tools, the synchronous implementation of transformations, the creation of new professional competencies, and the elevation of the status of some localities.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the development of electric transport in an urban environment, as well as to identify the principles for creating a model for the development of electric transport, using the example of Krasnoyarsk. The model of development of electric transport is a universal tool that makes it possible to make forecasts at the planning or reconstruction stage of the city’s transport network, as well as to monitor its work in the city’s system. Results. The main results of the research are to identify the principles for creating a model for the development of a public electric transport system in an urban environment based on open data. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the urban planning industry lies in the fact that on the basis of the developed principles, an integrated model of the development of electric transport is being formed. In the developed model, taking into account all factors in the planning of an integrated electric transport system, it is possible to increase the efficiency and attractiveness of the public transport network, as well as to reduce the car load.

Problem statement. The purpose of the research is to identify the principles and approaches to the formation of eco-tourism in the settlements in Tuscany. Results. The main results of the research consist in the presented approaches (territorial planning, sociological, complex, functional), the revealed principles (accessibility, safety, environmental friendliness, scenarism, informativeness) of the organization of the architectural and urban planning environment of Tuscany ecotourism. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architectural theory and practice consists in the possibility of using the matrix in further studies of the architectural environment of rural ecotourism in Russia, in solving practical issues of forming a new typology of elements of the architectural and urban planning environment of rural ecotourism.

Problem statement. Kazan Railway is an engineering and transport facility with historical and cultural value. The purpose of the article is to study the history of the appearance of the railway in Kazan and its influence on the formation of the town-planning appearance of Zabulachye (a district of the historical center of the city). Results. As a result of the study, it was determined that the railway in Kazan was not formed into its modern shape during one contiguous process, but instead this process took many different stages with different directions. It had both negative and positive impact on city and Zabulachia during different times. The process of forming station square was revealed. Conclusions. The architectural significance of the results obtained consists in changing the approach to assessing the influence of the railway and railway stations on the city. The results disclosed the value of the railway as a factor that significantly influenced the formation of the town-planning appearance of the city.

Problem statement. When designing trusses from cold-formed profiles, bolting is used in the nodes connecting its elements with sheet gussets. This connection of the central node of the upper belt leads to a decrease in its strength, rigidity out of the plane. The existing solutions have drawn conclusions about these nodal joints, namely, their strength, deformability and reinforcement are shown, which is rational when designing trusses from thin-walled cold-formed elements. Results. The main results of the research consist in the development of a constructive solution to the joint node and the determination of its stress-strain state as calculated in the «Solidworks» software package. Conclusions. The significance of the research results for the construction industry is that the calculations made will allow to judge the work of the connected elements of the upper belt. The proposed design of the gusset can be used in the manufacture of roof trusses of the coating.

Problem statement. The aim of the study is to simulate wind flows, to determine the maximum aerodynamic wind effects on high – rise and multi-storey buildings and the surrounding buildings, to improve the expression to determine the maximum wind load depending on the height of buildings and the distance to them. Results. Based on the results of numerical experiments to simulate the distribution of wind flows in a virtual wind tunnel for the existing low-rise buildings, an increasing coefficient in the expression for determining the wind load depending on the height of the multi-storey building and the distance to it is proposed. Conclusions. The results can be used to determine wind loads in the reconstruction of low-rise buildings and their verification calculations when placing multi-storey and high-rise buildings in the existing buildings. The proposed increasing coefficient is recommended to be taken into account when determining the average value of the wind load.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the combined effect of the initial stress-strain state and force cracks in reinforced concrete beams, reinforced with steel-fiber-concrete (SFC) «jacket», on their rigidity, strength and crack resistance. Results. The main results of the study showed that the carrying capacity of reinforced beams (Pult), as well as the load corresponding to the moment of cracking in the SFC «jacket» (Pcrc, fb), practically do not depend on the initial load P0 up to the amplification destroying Pult* (not reinforced beams), then with an increase in this level, ceteris paribus, the carrying capacity of reinforced beams decreases by 10,7 %, and the load of the appearance of cracks, on the contrary, increases almost 1,5 times. It was also found that with an increase in the initial load P0, down to the level of 0,678Pult*, the stiffness of the reinforced beam gradually decreases by 3,76 times, and with a subsequent increase in P0, there is a sharp drop in stiffness by another 7,57 times. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in the opportunity to develop an engineering technique for reinforcing concrete beams using a fiber-reinforced shirt, which could take into account the effect of the initial stress-strain state and force cracks on the strength, rigidity and crack resistance of reinforced beams. Such a technique will allow one to obtain constructive amplification solutions with a lower consumption of materials in comparison with existing amplification methods.

Problem statement. This article presents a study of the use of the Climatized Module as a product for the formation of a Complex of Clean Rooms in various technological schemes. The purpose of the article is to research and analyze the Climatized Module from the point of view of high-tech processes, which based on the disadvantages and merits of this type of design solutions. Results. The problems of the development of a modular device clean rooms, as well as all the advantages and disadvantages. An analysis of the classification of Clean rooms. A scheme for classifying Climatized Modules is derived. The problems of the current regulatory framework for the organization of Clean rooms in the territory of the Russian Federation are identified. Assumptions made to improve the situation. The following issues were addressed: ensuring a high level of equipment and performance of the Clean rooms; development of modular construction in medicine, pharmaceutical production, production of microelectronics and so on based on the Climatized Module; the possibility of upgrading outdated technological solutions; creation of a structural classification of the Climatized Module for both medical technology and for various areas of possible application. Conclusions. The significance of the study consists in identifying the advantages of the Climatized Module for its further use in the reconstruction of outdated technological solutions, the organization of high-tech production facilities, and also in drafting the principle of classifying these modular systems, which should help form a regulatory framework.

Problem statement. Experimental studies of bearing capacity and settlement of foundations of clay soils under block regime cyclic loading were carried out. Conducting lot tests with the help of an automated system program (ASIS), allowed to determining settlement of base, stress and strain in the soil. Results. The results of experimental studies are presented in the form of graphs of precipitation and deformation depending on the loading mode. New data were obtained on the regularities of stress-strain clay soils under block cyclic loading. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction is that with regime block cyclic loads there is an increase in the deformation of the soil within the compressible strata, as well as the settlement of the base with different intensity in all the load blocks. The most intensive development of deformations of the soil and sediment of the base occurred at the initial stage of loading up to 300 cycles, when passing to the second stage stabilization occurred up to 2700 cycles. The loss of bearing capacity occurs at the third stage of loading after reaching the limit state of the soil mass below the slab foundation.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to improve the combustion devices from the standpoint of torch constraint and the completeness of the process of oxidizing the combustible components of the air-fuel mixture is especially important for household generators, since the desire for compactness of the furnace significantly affects the size of the device. Results. In the course of carrying out numerical studies, the combustion characteristics are determined depending on the design features of the furnaces of the Bosch boiler Unimat UT-L18, the gas heating convector FEG Beata 2 and the Viessmann condensing boiler Vitodens 100-W. The equipment is selected based on the degree of tightness of the torch in the furnace. The degree of constraint here is understood as the ratio of the geometric volumes of the torch and the firebox, taking into account the design features of their forms and mutual arrangement. The possibility of a quantitative analysis of the degree of perfection of the design parameters of the furnaces of gas-using devices in order to find a reserve of energy saving and economical use of fuel is provided. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in the possibility of improving energy-saving technologies for the design and construction of heat supply systems for buildings of various purposes. Their use makes it possible to design furnace devices that exclude the disconnection of elementary stages of methane oxidation and the death of active centers of fuel combustion processes on the walls of screen surfaces.

Problem statement. Currently faced with excessive pollution and poor quality of life levels, the country has come up with a new national plan to reduce heat demand by 59,6 billion Gcal in 2030. And it comes with something contrary: developing more than 3,5 thousand hectares of land currently unused to turn it into buildings and infrastructure. Results. Although some developers refer fire safety regulations, new cladding materials and doors and windows are used as fixes for the high energy costs and improve thermal performance of the city blocks. Meantime, there are signs the network losses that has encouraged tower building may be significantly decreasing, particularly given the recent reduction in heat demand for the end-user. Hence the most serious cause for concern of the DH system is not transmission mains but distribution networks (DN32-DN200) around high-rise isolated buildings. The districts of suburban Omsk, Saransk, Saint Petersburg (Russia) have about 1,8 times more heat losses than a residential density without towers. Conclusions. To sum up, block projects are set to continue as a key part of inner-city housing across Russia. Matching the scale of a new building to its surroundings is vital and energy efficiency is a virtue for any great city as well.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibility of the formation of hydrogen sulfide gas by desulfurization in an anaerobic environment, in the liquid phase of moving wastewater, to determine the effect of sulfate concentration on the intensity of hydrogen sulfide gas formation Results. The main results of the study consist in determining the possibility and intensity of the formation of hydrogen sulfide gas by desulphurisation under anaerobic conditions, in the liquid phase of moving wastewaters. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is that knowledge about the conditions for the formation of hydrogen sulfide gas in sewage systems can be used in solving problems of improving the reliability of sewage networks and providing a favorable air environment in areas adjacent to the sewer network. The results of the study allow to add knowledge to improve the methods of control over the processes of transformation of sulfur compounds in the sewer system.

Problem statement. The purpose of this work was to perform a conformational analysis and study H-bonds in thiacalix [4] arenas based on experimental and theoretical spectral studies. Results. The IR-spectra of the thiacalix[4]arene, para-tert-butylthiacalixarene and adamantylthiacalix[4]arene were studied. The energy and IR-spectra of various conformers (cone, partial cone, 1,2 alternate and 1,3 alternate) are calculated. The conformation of the cone is the most stable for all the studied thiacalix[4]arenas. The theoretical IR-spectrum of the adamantylthia[4]calixarene molecule of in cone conformation is consistent with the experiment. The band classification in the IR spectrum of the adamantylthiacalix[4]arene was performed. Conclusions. The importance of the results obtained for the construction industry is that new materials have been studied and can be used to thermally stabilize film coatings, as well as other polymeric products. Calculations and experiments show that the strength of H-bonds in thiacalixarenes depends on the type of substituent. In the conformation of the cone, a cyclic system of H-bonds is realized for all the thiacalixarenes studied. The introduction of adamantyl substituents leads to the convergence of oxygen atoms in the thiacalix[4]arene molecule and the H-bonds are enhanced. The conformation cone of the thiacalix[4]arene does not change when heated to a temperature of 180? C and dissolved in a neutral solvent.

Problem statement. The aim of the work was to establish the structure of the G1 dendrimer by experimental study of the IR- and Raman-spectra and quantum chemical calculations. Our task was to analyze the dynamics of molecular associates formed by hydrogen bonds and to identify the characteristics of the constituent parts of the dendrimer: the core, the repeating units and the terminal groups by quantum chemical calculations. Results. The IR- and Raman-spectra of the first generation G1 dendrimer with terminal pyrazine groups were measured. The optimization of the structure and the study of vibrations are implemented for the G1 by quantum-chemical method. The calculated geometric parameters of the molecule are consistent with experiment. The concepts developed are important for establishing the relationship between the structure and dynamic properties of dendrimers. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in the fact that new nanomaterials have been obtained and investigated, which can be used to create paints and varnishes, electrically conductive nano-dyes, thermal insulation materials, and nano-concrete. The 1577 cm-1 line in the spectrum of Raman scattering caused by the stretching vibrations of C = N bonds is characteristic of repeating groups of the dendrimer. Amide groups show bands of 3393, 1675 cm-1 in the IR-spectrum. The classification of dendrimer oscillations has been performed.

Problem statement. The aim of the study is to identify the possibility of construction of multi-storey residential buildings with the use of modern wooden structures as high-tech building materials, taking into account possible introduction of changes in the current legislation Results. The main results of a research consist of modern receptions and methods of multistoried construction houses with use of innovative constructive solutions. It is noted that the houses made of wooden structures have a positive impact on the health of people living in environmentally friendly homes. The reasons for a small percentage of the use of wood in mass construction in the country, which is one of the leaders in forest reserves, are analyzed. The elements of organizational and technological measures in the production of works using wooden structures. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry is the possibility of implementation in the production and search for the direction of research on the development of domestic technological processes, improvement of the legislative framework, the possibility of financing and implementation of investment construction projects of multi-storey wooden houses.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to establish the circumstances of the fall of the wall panel during the dismantling of the structures of the panel house and to determine the reasons associated with the violation of legislative and regulatory requirements for safe work when disassembling the building using a lifting truck crane. Results. The requirements of legislative and normative-technical documentation in construction in relation to the identification of the reasons for the fall of the wall panel during the disassembly of the panel house are analyzed. The reasons of technical and organizational character of violation of requirements of safety which led to overturning of the wall panel and death under it of the person are considered. Сonclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the awareness of the need to improve the level of safety when working on construction sites, and, in particular, when dismantling the bearing and enclosing structures during the demolition of a building. The modern regulatory framework for construction is developed in the newly adopted by-laws of inter-sect oral all-Russian orientation on the basis of federal laws adopted and in force in Russia. There is also an acute need to train managers, engineers and workers who are able to make competent and competent decisions on the safe organization and performance of work.

Problem statement. The purpose of the research is to improve the quality of paving sidewalk tile by improving the method of its installation, extending the service life of tiled road surfaces (sidewalks, squares, paths) and reducing the financial costs of the paving works and their further maintenance. Results. The main results of the study consist in the modernization of the gripper body of a typical stacker and its additional equipment with an additional mounted mechanism for feeding the dry mix and distributing it in the gaps between the tiles. The proposed modernization improves the performance of the paver and minimizes human participation in the process of laying paving slabs. As a result of applying the stacker with the proposed gripping body, a higher level of reliability of the laid paving slabs of the road surface is ensured, minimizing the occurrence of cracks and chips from loads, not only when pedestrians pass, but also when driving light vehicles on wheels. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the road construction industry is to improve the quality of paved paving surfaces through the use of a modernized and retrofit standard stacker.

Problem statement. In our country, every year the number of cars and trucks that increase the load on the roadway, gradually deteriorating its quality. On the so-called «patching» annually spent a lot of money. The repair requires mobile equipment, including soil and asphalt seals. While this technique is limited in quantity and imperfect. The purpose of the study is to develop a self – moving small-sized effective device for compacting the roadway during repair. Results. As a result of the study, a new small-sized sealing device is proposed, which uses a directed force effect on the compacted soil or asphalt coating, which not only effectively seals, but also provides self-movement of the device without the participation of the operator. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is to create a new small-sized effective device for compacting soil and asphalt used to repair destroyed sections of the road surface.