Problem statement. The main purpose of the research is to study the parameters of strength and deformation of clay soil under triaxial compression, under block mode cyclic loads. To date, there are no data on the results of studies under the specified loading mode. Results. Experimental studies of the strength and deformability of clay soils with three-axis compression ?1??2=?3 under block mode cyclic loads were carried out. A distinctive feature of experimental studies is that they are carried out in three-axis prismatic compression devices with an aspect ratio of 100?100?200 mm. The regularities of changes in the main characteristics of the soil during transitions to blocks with high and low stress levels are established. New data on the regularities of clay soil deformation under stationary conditions of repeated cyclic loading were obtained. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in the study of vibration creep deformations and changes in fatigue resistance to the destruction of clay soils under three-axis regime block cyclic loading. It is found that the stress-strain state, deformations and fatigue strength of soils change depending on the sequence of alternating blocks with different values of the maximum load of the cycle. Keywords: block-cyclic loading, stationary and non-stationary loading, vibration creep, clay soil, nonlinear deformations of soil vibration creep.

Problem statement. In reinforced concrete bending structures with repeated cyclic loads of stationary mode in the concrete of the compressed zone are manifested and inelastic creep deformations develop under connected conditions. For this reason, the conditions for deforming concrete in the compressed zone are non-stationary even when the external load is stationary. Results. Experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of a reinforced concrete bending element have been carried out in the stationary mode of repeated cyclic loading, the mode of deformation of concrete in the compressed zone as part of the bending element is established. To assess the endurance of compressed zone concrete under such deformation modes, studies were conducted using methods of fracture mechanics of elastic-plastic materials and the equations of endurance of compressed zone concrete for non-stationary deformation mode were obtained. On the basis of the conducted research, the equation of endurance of compressed zone concrete was developed for practical calculations of reinforced concrete bending elements under stationary conditions of repeated cyclic loading. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is that the proposed method allows the most accurate assessment of the stress-strain state of concrete in the compressed zone and the processes of concrete change from the point of view of fracture mechanics, which is a significant contribution to the theory of fatigue strength and provides concrete savings of up to 25 % compared to existing methods.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of sludge from chemical water treatment of heat and power plants (CHP) on the technological properties of cement paste, strength characteristics and phase composition of cement stone in order to consider the possibility of using this waste in cement systems. Results. Chemical water treatment sludge (SHHVO) is a paste-like and unstable in moisture mass, therefore, for rational use, it was previously dried and then milled. The article shows that the introduction of SHHVO in cement paste increases its water demand. Therefore, the joint effect of sludge with additives on the naphthalene formaldehyde and polyether carboxylate base was studied. The use of sludge with superplasticizers can reduce the consumption of binder by 7.5 % without loss of strength and reduce the porosity of cement stone. The method of differential thermal analysis was used to study the products of hydration of cement stone with the considered slurry. It was established that the introduction of SHWO into cement systems leads to a change in the morphology of neoplasms, both on the first and on the 28th day of hardening. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the fact that the possibility of using large-tonnage industrial wastes - sludge of the SHHVO CHPP in cement systems is shown. It was revealed that the effectiveness of the sludge depends on the method of its introduction into the cement system.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to determine the properties of polymer-asphalt concrete using asphalt granulate in its composition. Results. The main results of the study consist in the ability to provide the required properties of polymer-asphalt concrete by introducing asphalt granulate in an amount of up to 30 % and to increase the resistance to the formation of plastic deformations in asphalt concrete pavement by increasing the shear resistance and crack resistance of polymer-asphalt concrete. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in ensuring the quality of the production of polymer-asphalt concrete mixtures at PBB while reducing their cost and increasing production volumes for the construction and repair of roads and city streets.

Рroblem statement. Research and study of technology for concreting monolithic structures in the dry and hot climate of Morocco and ensuring the durability of concrete structures using various methods of technological solutions. Results. A computer simulation was performed in which a comparison was made of the most cost-effective method of curing concrete of monolithic reinforced concrete structures in the dry and hot climate of Morocco using plasticizers and hardening accelerators. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the fact that studies have established the reason for the reduced quality of concrete. It is the loose joints of the formwork elements and the high temperature of concrete hardening in the dry and hot climate of Morocco, as a result of which the concrete is quickly dehydrated, which slows down the hydration of cement. As a result of the quick-drying of concrete, its strength decreases and porosity increases which leads to a decrease in carbonization resistance and water resistance.

Problem statement. The purpose of the research is to improve the technology of restoring the load-bearing capacity of foundations of buildings and structures of existing construction with the help of additional supports-remote pressed piles – by rational use of building materials for their manufacture. Results. During theoretical researches, the possibility of reducing by up to 13.3 % of the material of the pushed external piles used to restore the bearing capacity of foundations of buildings and structures existing buildings, compared to similar fabricated piles at their original carrying capacity. Laboratory studies have confirmed the correctness of the theoretical data obtained. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry is to reduce material costs by using innovative design of pressed piles in the process of restoring the load-bearing capacity of foundations of buildings and engineering structures of existing construction while ensuring their operational reliability.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify discrepancies in terms when performing construction work during the reconstruction or overhaul period. To propose methods for resolving contentious issues, avoiding unnecessary costs and appealing to arbitration courts. Results. The main results of the study consist in comparing the terms of construction work during the period of reconstruction or overhaul in various regulatory documents and bringing them to a single result. An example of construction and installation work during the overhaul of an industrial building is considered and analyzed. It is noted that the proper approach will allow avoiding a possible conflict with the tax authorities and, as a result, going to the courts. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the elimination of conflicts in resolving organizational issues between the executors of construction and installation works with state authorities to improve the legislative framework.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to analyze the concrete strengthening by experimental studies to identify areas with reduced strength. Consider using a software package to simulate the process of concrete strength gain. Results. The main results of the study consist of using modern software for modeling the process of heating concrete. As part of the work, the simulation of heating concrete task of a monolithic column with a heating wire was performed. An experimental study of the strength of concrete columns with a heating wire was carried out on a building under construction in the city of Kazan, located at the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, st. Alexei Kozin. Conclusions. As a result, the results were obtained using modern software systems.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study was to determine the complexity of various types of low-rise construction works using the technology of IIDA SANGYO. Results. In the work, studies were carried out on the design of frame houses using the Japanese JWT technology (Japan Wood Technology) with fixing the timing of all types of zero-cycle work, the construction of the frame, as well as facade and roofing works. In this article, 3 different designs of houses built using Japanese technology were selected as the object of study: 3LDK150, 3LDK138, 3LDK118. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry is that using the experimental studies, including the timing method, determined the temporal parameters of technological operations and the basic processes of installing elements of a frame house, the time norms for each process, the composition of the link for each type of work under study. In addition, it was found that the labor costs for constructing an individual house using the studied Japanese technology are about 2 times lower than with the Canadian frame technology and LSTK technology, but 45 % higher than with SIW-panels.

Problem statement. The demand for concrete mixers, or «mixers», in Russia is growing not only in connection with large monolithic house-building but also with the needs of a small segment of house-building – one-story and two-story houses of the private sector. Monolithic housing construction is equipped with good access roads and an established concrete shipment system. Therefore, with any design of the mixer truck, its unloading for the time allotted by the concrete manufacturer is provided. For a small segment of homebuilding, the use of branded concrete mixer trucks is usually associated with the lack of access roads and mechanized shipment, small single quantities of concrete, inconvenience and constraint of the concrete structures being erected. In this regard, there is an increasing need for small-capacity concrete mixers, which are inexpensive and do not have mechanized concrete unloading. Results. In most cases, the concrete unloading equipment for such concrete mixer trucks is limited to one pullout tray. The time spent on unloading concrete is increasing compared to branded concrete mixer trucks. Each concrete manufacturer has its own rate for unloading concrete, on average, not more than 10 minutes per 1m3. For an extra downtime at unloading, a fine of 500 to 1000 rubles per 1 hour is charged. On a concrete mixer in the design of a rotating tank, an Archimedes spiral is used, which allows clockwise rotation to load concrete from one gutter to another, while the concrete remains in the tank [1-5]. Therefore, the downtime of concrete mixers during the shipment of concrete is associated with the further transportation of concrete in the tray. The standard extenders of the tray and sleeves, which are equipped with domestic concrete mixer trucks, are inefficient since the movement of concrete in them is gravitational. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in the development of a scheme for using a two-screw concrete discharge system in confined and confined spaces, which significantly reduces the time of concrete discharge and eliminates manual labor.

Problem statement. Natural ventilation is widely used in residential buildings. The unregulated natural influx in the cold season leads to an increase in airflow, which complicates the maintenance of mobility and air temperature in the room. In this regard, the study of the mobility and temperature of the air in the room, depending on the natural flow, is relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify the effect of the supply of increasing consumption of cold outdoor air on the mobility and temperature of the air in the living room. Evaluation of this effect is based on numerical simulation of the velocity and temperature fields. Results. The main results of the study are obtained by numerical simulation of the velocity and temperature fields at two external cold airflow rates, standard and twice as high, which occurs in the absence of regulation of natural ventilation. It was established that both at the normative and increased flow rate, despite the increase in the air velocity and a slight increase in temperature deviation, their normative limits are not exceeded. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the fact that a doubling of the outdoor airflow does not lead to an excessive increase in air mobility, it remains below the normative limit. The temperatures of the internal air also vary slightly, but when compensating for greater cooling of the room due to an increase in the heat output of the heater, they also remain within the acceptable values.

Problem statement. The demand for hydrocarbon fuels is currently continuously increasing due to the introduction of new technological capacities in the industry, expansion of construction and an increase in the number of vehicles using internal combustion engines. For remote and inaccessible areas of the far North of Russia and Siberia, access to sources of motor fuel is also a big problem. In this regard, for stationary installations, such as technological units of the construction industry, operating on petroleum products or consuming electricity in a distance from power lines and motor fuel sources, the alternative is the use of renewable energy sources, which include wind energy. Results. The use of industrial wind energy and the creation of powerful wind farms to generate electricity in remote and inaccessible regions of Russia is hampered by the lack of necessary financial resources since the cost of industrial wind generators is very high. The payback period is long. Therefore, for production use, it is preferable to use, design, and create wind generators with the generation of electricity sufficient to provide small and medium-sized production capacities, which include the construction industry, providing the initial stages of creating technological capacities, for example, in mineral processing, timber processing, and building access paths etc. When creating such wind generators, ready-made units and blocks are used that are used in motor transport, railway and water transport, and agriculture, since at the first stage of electricity production with the help of wind generators, the main priorities are simplicity of design, low cost of units, and failure-free operation. Wind generators produced for domestic purposes and private use cannot be used due to insignificant electric power and unreliability in operation. Conclusions. This article presents the results of a study on the use of wind generators to generate electrical energy for small and medium-sized enterprises involved in the construction, processing of timber and small-scale production of building materials. As a result of research in the article, it was found that within the range of up to 10 kW of electric power, wind generators can be cost-effective when used in their structure units and blocks mastered in the electrical industry, as well as elements used in the automotive industry and other industries.

Problem statement. The purpose of the research is to increase the frost resistance of hot thermoplastic material to increase the life of the road marking and reduce the financial costs of road marking. Results. The main results of the study are to propose one of the possible options for optimizing thermoplastic material based on the addition of a strictly dosed amount of plasticizers to its typical composition. As a result, a higher level of thermoplastic plasticity is achieved, eliminating the occurrence of cracks and chips due to loads when travelling along the marking surface of vehicles under low-temperature operating conditions. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the road construction industry lies in the proposal of a frost-resistant composition of thermoplastics. The proposed composition of thermoplastics is more frost-resistant (plastic) in comparison with the known typical compositions of thermoplastics. The experimental stages of its preparation are described. It is assumed that the life of the horizontal lines of the road markings, applied by the developed composition, will significantly increase.

Problem statement. Historical analysis of Moscow subway network let to identify the evolution of step-by-step lines formation in conjunction with planning and transport structure of city development. Results. The analysis of Moscow metro system development allowed to distinguish еру main stages of evolution: 1st Stage is the emergence and operation of the first line in historical center of the city, 2nd Stage is the formation of metro network, the emergence of nodes with major railway stations, 3rd Stage is the organization of combined system with intercity railways and large transport hubs. Conclusions. The significance of the results for construction industry consists of an identification of the correspondence of the radial-ring Moscow planning structure type and the radial-ring subway network type, which is an optimal solution for tracing lines in the current urban planning situation.

Problem statement. The article is devoted to the formation of a methodology for identifying and justifying the development of peripheral zones of the city. Key terms and designation of peripheral territories are structured and marked. Results. Well-grounded development strategies of the peripheral territories of cities give a vector of their development. Issues of the formation of the planning structure of the city, its functional saturation, development of infrastructure, housing, are recognized as relevant today. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architecture is that the development of peripheral areas of the city at the present stage is one of the key aspects in the formation of master plans and spatial organization of city structures. The organization of residential development in the peripheries is subject to a complex of city-forming factors, the study and use of which affect its long-term development.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to determine the priority of transformation, as a means of implementing additional functions in the living space, to analyze the methods of transformation based on existing design experience. Results. The main results of the study are to identify the characteristics of the transformation as a means of sustainable and efficient housing formation with an additional function. The article provides examples of implemented projects in which flexible architectural and planning techniques work efficiently. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for architecture consists in the creation of a new type of housing that provides functional diversity, energy-efficient use, and perspective modifications in modern realities. The use of transformation as a means of forming additional functions in housing can be considered as a method of changing the space-planning decisions in creating sustainable architecture.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify the main characteristics of tourism centers in relation to tourist centers; to determine the main factors of their formation. Results. The article is based on the given classification of cities-tourist centers, which was developed by experts of the UNWTO (world Tourism Organization of the United Nations), provides examples of these cities, and provides and studies the service facilities that are called tourism centers in the study. Based on the studied examples, two groups of factors of their formation are identified, which are fundamental in the formation of tourism centers and play a role in creating their uniqueness. These are the formative factors of urban planning and architecture. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architecture consists in creating the concept of a modern multifunctional tourist complex, which includes a tourist center as an area that attracts tourists, and a tourism center as a complex of tourist and recreational services.

Problem statement. The article is devoted to the study of factors and aspects that affect the formation of a visually comfortable environment. Studies on the influence of the visible environment on human well-being and behavior are considered. Results. Research analysis has shown that architectural space can be a positive example of creating a visually comfortable environment, as well as a negative one. Elements of the urban environment used in the design of space create a humane environment and can be manifested both at the urban planning, spatial, and subject level. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architecture is that the problems of video ecology are one of the main aspects in the formation of space for human activity. Urban space must be properly designed not only in terms of urban planning, spatial characteristics, but also for the purpose of psychologically comfortable stay of a person in it.

Problem statement. Coworking as a type of «workspace» has been around for 15 years. However, functions, architectural and planning decisions in different spaces can vary significantly. The purpose of this article is to establish a connection between the architectural environment of coworking and its functionally-forming core. Results. The main result of the research is an analysis of the Kazan experience in introducing coworking into the structure of the city. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architecture lies in identifying the general principles for the design of coworking spaces based on world experience, determining the dependence of the coworking function and the architectural and planning component as a condition for a comfortable stay in these spaces. The article analyzes the classification of coworking by type of workspace, by thematic features, level of accessibility, economic characteristics, type of architecture. The Kazan experience of the emergence and functioning of coworking centres is considered.

Problem statement. Identification of adaptation processes for the reuse of industrial buildings in the formation of the architectural space of the urban environment. Results. The results of the research are the definition of adaptation processes, methods and approaches in architectural design of industrial territories. An analysis of the concepts made it possible to determine the main parameters of the reorganization process in adapting industrial objects of architecture and their territories. Conclusions. The significance of the results for architecture consists in identifying the main approaches and design methods in the architectural adaptation of former industrial buildings and territories. The identified approaches and methods for the reorganization of industrial territories allow to develop the potential of the industrial territory and adapt it to modern use.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify the effectiveness, feasibility and need for a comprehensive renovation of the near – equatorial zones of the Volga, Kazanka and Kaban rivers, within the city of Kazan, with protective coastal engineering measures and the arrangement of the coastal territory in the system of city-forming and transport-pedestrian structures, against the background of intensive development of modern infrastructure and high requirements for environmental protection. Results. The main results of the research are that the complex renovation of the near-Equatorial zones of the Volga, Kazanka and Kaban rivers, with coast-protecting engineering and technical measures and the development of the coastal territory, will significantly increase the environmental attractiveness of the ancient city of Kazan. Organize an intensive influx of residents of the city, Tatarstan and guests to the cultural recreation zones formed by the renovation near natural water sources, improve and systematize the transport and pedestrian network of local sections and the city as a whole. Conclusions. The significance of the results to urban design, architectural restoration and reconstruction of the sphere, as a result of complex geotechnical transformation and renovation of coastal areas prequaternary areas of the rivers Volga and Kazanka river and Kaban lake within the boundaries of the city of Kazan, is to: improve the degree of protection prequaternary urban areas from flooding during the flood period; the strengthening and improvement of the coastal zone; the formation of cultural areas-stop and comfortable rest of the population; creation of conditions to preserve and maintain requirements for the protection of the environment of megacities.

Problem statement. The purpose of the research is to identify the modern process of choosing the types and methods of carrying out work to preserve the monuments of wooden architecture. To determine existing types and methods of work. Conduct a practical preliminary study of the choice of the type and method of preserving wooden architecture monuments using the example of the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin, a UNESCO site. Results. A tabular form has been developed for assessing the choice of the type and method of conservation work, where the evaluation criteria are the historical and cultural value and technical condition of the monument. Determinate the hierarchy of conservation approaches depending on the degree of impact. The classification of types of work is revealed. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the conservation of monuments lies in the need to use a system of expert evaluation of interventions in monuments of wooden architecture in a constantly changing modern world, taking into account anthropogenic, environmental, social, economic and other factors that will achieve great results. The main results of the study were concluded during a preliminary assessment of decisions to preserve the Church of the Protection of the Holy Virgin.

Problem statement. The main objective of the consideration is the analysis of the historical, town-planning and architectural aspect of development of the Soviet period in Kazan using as the example the fire station building, located on Malo-Moskovskaya Street. The building is an object of historical and valuable city-forming development, a rare example of Kazan architecture of Soviet constructivism in 1930s. Results. The main results of the consideration are to identify valuable information about the historical buildings of Kazan in the Soviet period. The fire station of the Oboznye Details factory was built in 1934-1935. In a complex with the previously built buildings of the Oboznye Details plant, in 1930-1935, and the residential quarter of the plant, which was one of the first attempts to introduce the principles of a social city into the practice of urban planning in Kazan. Conclusions. The significance of the results for architecture lies in the identification of historical, town-planning information on the development of Kazan in the Soviet period of the first half of the 20th century. The general problems of consideration historically valuable objects of industrial zones in Kazan in the first half of the 20th century are revealed.

Problem statement. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an integral part of each construction project. The reliability of the assessment is subject to mandatory State expertise. However, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to EIA development for urbanized territories. The EIA methodology requires sound formalization. The aim of the study is to create methodological bases for the development of EIA construction projects for urbanized areas, the task of the study is to develop assessment tools. Results. The studies identified key methodological approaches and assessment tools. The system of methodological approaches to assessment includes the concepts of ecological reserve, degree of concentration, effect of ecological resonance, emergence of direct and indirect impact on the environment of man-made factors and others. Conclusions. The need for a sound methodology for the development of EIA based on new methodological principles and methods of assessment is extremely relevant, as today there is no unified systematic approach to the assessment of the environmental impact of the construction facility on the environment of the urbanized territory.