Problem statement. A modern trend in ensuring comfortable traffic conditions is to take into account the opinions of all users of the road network. The relevance of the research lies in an integrated approach to evaluating design solutions that can be proposed for implementation and will allow choosing the right solution for the variant design of unsignalized junctions. The works devoted to determining the capacity of unsignalized junctions and aimed at developing practical recommendations for increasing their capacity in conditions of high load levels, can be supplemented by studies of environmental aspects and feasibility studies of possible design solutions. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive assessment of the design solutions of urban unsignalized junctions at one level. The tasks of the study are to develop design solutions for the construction of unsignalized junctions in high-load conditions, to assess the impact of design solutions on the amount of pollutant emissions, and to compare design solutions for the installation of additional measures for the main work volumes. The present study is the continuation of the series of work on the development of a method for determining the capacity of unsignalized junctions at the same level with pedestrian traffic as an element of the road network. Results. We obtained the results of comparative analyses of traffic flow parameters at different positions of the pedestrian crossing in high-load conditions, the volume of pollutants released from queues of cars formed at different positions of the pedestrian crossing on the main road, the amount of work on additional measures to accommodate queues of cars, such as the arrangement of a large interface radius and special road extension sections. Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the location of the pedestrian crossing in front of the junction, taking into account additional measures to accommodate queues of cars in order to increase the capacity of the junction and reduce emissions of pollutants in high-load conditions.

Problem statement. The annual growth of domestic car tourism in Russia requires an increase in road safety through the development of road service infrastructure and services. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal locations for the placement of new priority tourist attraction points based on the analysis of traffic flows and the required level of safety, which necessitated the use of a modern method based on cluster analysis. The main results of the study are that the proposed approach based on cluster analysis made it possible to divide the subjects of the Russian Federation into groups according to their membership in the points of tourist attraction, as well as to assess the total flow of car tourists to the Republic of Tatarstan. Conclusions. To join regions into groups, an integral indicator is proposed which equals to the product of the distance between the object and the center, the coefficient of range of movement by car and the relative coefficient of attractiveness of the centers of attraction. The use of this indicator made it possible to predict the high intensity of the potential tourist flow from the eastern entrance along the M-12 highway in the Republic of Tatarstan. A territorial analysis of the M-12 highway showed that for 53 km at the entrance to the Republic of Tatarstan there are no recreation areas for tourists and drivers, which completely does not correspond to the conditions of rest from driving a car, therefore, it was recommended to place multifunctional recreation areas near a picturesque place near the village of Staroe Baysarovo.

Problem statement. Nowadays the main problem for trunk roads is the growth of traffic intensity and long routes between regions. According to the estimates of SC “Avtodor” for 2045, the construction of the highway M-12 “Vostok” through the international transport corridor “Europe – Western China” will entail the growth of domestic product in the bordering territories of the highway by 2400 million rubles, in the form of tax payments – 600000 million rubles. The main positive effect will be the reduction of travel time to 8 hours, which will allow reaching 70 million tons of internal cargo flow. The purpose of the work was to study the effectiveness of toll roads on the territory of the Russian Federation on the example of the highway M-12 “Vostok”. To achieve the goal the following tasks were solved: - the economic method of estimating the efficiency of toll road operations was selected; - the economic sum of benefits of using toll roads was estimated. Results. The prospective traffic intensity on the highway M-12 “Vostok” on the section from Kazan to Yekaterinburg will amount to 12147 vehicles per day. The average annual income from the toll section of the M-12 “Vostok” highway from Kazan to Yekaterinburg in 2025 will amount to 4346.32 million rubles. According to forecasts, in 2045, the average income may reach about 8878.39 million rubles, and the construction costs will be recouped in 20 years. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the Russian economy is that the development of toll road infrastructure will have a positive impact in: - improving transport accessibility (reducing travel time by improving the quality of roads and reducing their length); - creating jobs (developing infrastructure contributes to the growth of economic activity in the regions); - developing tourism (improving road infrastructure makes regions more accessible to tourists).

Problem statement. Many small settlements in rural areas do not have sufficient street lighting. This causes great discomfort to the locals, especially in winter. The issue of lighting is acute if a highway passes through the settlement, which is also the main street of the settlement. Lighting of such roads allows not only to improve lighting engineering performance, but also to reduce the number of traffic accidents associated with hitting pedestrians at night. The purpose of the work is to compare the methods of lighting engineering calculations of highways illumination parameters, to select a less expensive solution for the arrangement of lighting on a highway. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: study of existing methods of lighting engineering calculation of road illumination parameters; identification of the most economical method for calculating road illumination using a section of a highway as an example. Results. The paper presents the results of calculating the lighting engineering characteristics of road illumination. The average brightness and average illumination of the road are selected as the main parameters. Based on the calculation results, the analysis of the selected parameters was carried out and the economic efficiency of the considered methods was evaluated. Conclusions. The significance for the road construction industry lies in obtaining more advantageous design solutions related to the calculations of lighting engineering parameters for highways illumination through the use of a methodology developed by the All-Russian Scientific Research Lighting Engineering Institute named after S.I. Vavilov.

Problem statement. The most important indicators of fine-grained concrete based on gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder, which expand the possibilities of its use in load-bearing structures of buildings, are strength and deformation properties. This is especially true for structures that are operated in the hot tropical climate of the Republic of Yemen and will be in a complex stress-strain state. On the other hand, the low ability of gypsum-cement-pozzolan concrete to withstand the effects of moisture penetrating into the “body” of concrete along with aggressive substances from the environment will obviously lead to the loss of its original properties. The purpose of the work is to determine the strength and deformation properties of gypsum–cement-pozzolan concrete and establish their relationship, taking into account its low water resistance. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to develop compositions of fine-grained gypsum-cement-pozzolan concrete; to study their mechanical properties and establish concrete strength classes; to determine the modulus of elasticity of fine-grained gypsum-cement-pozzolan concrete depending on the compressive strength classes B20-B45; to establish relationships between properties such as compressive strength (cubic and cylindrical), flexural tension, axial tension, initial modulus of elasticity and initial coefficient of transverse deformation (Poisson ratio). Results. The paper presents the results of a study of six different compositions of gypsum-cement-pozzolan concrete, differing in compressive strength class (B20-B45). It was found that cubic compressive strength varies from 25 to 60 MPa, flexural tensile strength from 3.0 to 6.2 MPa, axial tensile strength from 1.9 to 3.4 MPa, cylindrical axial compressive strength from 21.7 to 52.5 MPa, elastic modulus from 18.9 to 28.2 GPa and coefficient of Poisson ratio was from 0.16 to 0.24. At the same time, the softening coefficient, which determines the water resistance of gypsum-cement–pozzolan concrete, turned out to be very high - from 0.75 to 1.17. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the fact that fine-grained gypsum-cement-pozzolan concretes are slightly inferior to similar classes of Portland cement-based concretes, which allows them to be recommended for the production of products and structures used in load-bearing building frames.

Problem statement. One of the promising areas for improving the physical and mechanical properties of composite building materials is mechanomagnetic activation of mineral components in vortex layer devices. However, there are no models for determining the amount of activated substance formed during mechanomagnetic treatment. The purpose of the work is to develop a model for determining the amount of activated substance during mechanomagnetic activation in a vortex layer device. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: – the specific surface area of the initial materials and their change during mechanomagnetic treatment were determined; – the amount of activated substance for different polydisperse materials was determined. Results. The specific surface area of mineral components was analyzed using both the air permeability method and the BET method (proposed by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller). The coherent scattering regions (CSR) of crystallites were determined. A model for determining the amount of activated substance during mechanomagnetic treatment was proposed. The model is based on the assumption that the areas of each pyramid (a defect on the surface of a mineral component particle) correspond to the area of the CSR: the upper area corresponds to the area of the CSR after the activation effect, and the lower area corresponds to the area of the CSR before activation. In this case, all peaks (truncated pyramids) have the same shape and size. According to the calculation results using the proposed method, it is shown that the amount of the activated substance increases with increasing duration of mechanomagnetic activation: for Portland cement up to 10.3%, for gypsum - up to 8.4%, for limestone - up to 4.1%, for quartz powder - up to 33.5%. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry is that in order to increase the efficiency of mechanomagnetic activation in vortex layer devices, it is advisable to use mineral substances that are paramagnetic.

Problem statement. To reduce the cost of natural raw materials for the production of cost-effective thermal insulation bricks, it is necessary to replace natural raw materials with waste from the fuel and energy complex., for example, waste from coal enrichment, which is already Number 1 in terms of accumulation not only in China, India and other countries, but also in Russia. Currently, about 55 processing plants are operating on a permanent basis in Kuzbass alone, which is almost 50% of all coal produced in Russia, and in general, about 60% of the total coal is extracted in the Kemerovo region. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the complementary factor of the influence of argillite-like waste from coal enrichment flotation on the technical characteristics, porous structure and phase composition of the thermal insulation material based on inter-shale clay. The objectives of the study are to recommend rational adjustments for the disposal of large-tonnage waste from the fuel and energy complex to create a production of thermal insulation bricks and to investigate the porosity structure, which determines the key parameters of the thermal insulation brick. Results. It is shown that the best preferences for the production of thermal insulation bricks have a composition containing 80% of inter-shale clay and, accordingly, 20% of argillite-like waste from coal enrichment flotation as a leaner and a burn-out additive. Integral and differential porograms of the prepared specimens (samples) produced by mercury porosimetry method revealed that 55% of the “dangerous” pores with a radius of 10-5 to 10-7 m in samples are made from inter-shale clay alone, and 42% in the optimal composition containing 20% of the leaner. Conclusions. It is noted that for the production of lightweight bricks, the preferred composition is the composition including 80% inter-shale clay, and the remaining 20% is waste from argillite-like flotation of coal enrichment. Such a thermal insulation brick belongs to class B in terms of density, and in a dry position according to the coefficient of thermal conductivity it belongs to the effective group. The introduction of a leaner reduces the content of “dangerous” pores.

Problem statement. The experience of operating oil and gas drilling platforms in the Northern seas has shown that concrete is preferable to metal in terms of durability. Compared to surface structures, degradation from mechanical loadings is higher than from chemical and physical corrosion. However, research on combined corrosion of reinforced concrete in the marine environment is still insufficient. The purpose of the work is to perform a systematic analysis of the durability of marine reinforced concrete structures based on a multiphysical multiscale approach. The objectives of the research are: to assess the current state of the mechanics of reinforced concrete structures durability in the marine environment; to conduct a systematic analysis based on a multiphysical multiscale approach; to develop a general algorithm for assessing combined corrosion. Results. The article provides a brief overview of the works over the past decade on the durability of marine concrete. The system analysis of the durability of reinforced concrete structures is performed using information triads, as a conceptual basis for databases and intelligent systems for diagnosing and predicting combined corrosion. The latter includes physical, chemical and mechanical corrosion, the analysis of which is proposed on the basis of a multiphysical multiscale approach. A general algorithm for assessing combined degradation has been developed, which will allow determining the service life and remaining resource in different periods of the life cycle of structures. Potentials have been introduced for degradation processes of different nature. This makes it possible to determine the effect of combined degradation by superposition of linear potentials. Moisture exchange is the controlling process, while the other processes are subordinate. Moisture is a carrier of aggressive agents, therefore, the degree of corrosion damage can be assessed by the humidity field. Conclusions. The significance of the work lies in the fact that the research results make it possible to create a methodological basis for increasing the service life of marine reinforced concrete structures through computer modeling of concrete degradation and the implementation of regulatory measures.

Problem statement. In connection with the increase in the volume of construction of unique, high-rise buildings with deep pile foundations and underground parking and construction, reconstruction and repair of important hydraulic structures, it is necessary for scientists and researchers to study the corrosion properties of composite Portland cements, which have become widespread recently, especially those based on thermally activated clays and carbonates. Super- and hyperplasticizers play a major role both in the manufacturing of high-tech hydraulic concretes and in relation to composite cements with mineral additives. The purpose of the work was to study the corrosion resistance of composite Portland cements with additives of thermally activated clays and carbonate rocks, both separately and together with plasticizers. The objectives of the study were to assess the corrosion resistance of composite cement stone at the age of 6 months and to study the effect of plasticizing additives on corrosion properties depending on the type of plasticizer. Results. The corrosion resistance of the studied samples of composite Portland cements with additives of thermally activated clays and carbonates, both with and without plasticizers, was higher than 0.8. At the same time, the use of plasticizers allows increasing the corrosion resistance of composite cement stone by an average of 5-30% depending on the type of plasticizing additive, the type of mineral additive and the aggressive environment. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using compositions of composite Portland cements with additives of thermally activated clays and carbonates, both in combination with plasticizers and without them, in the manufacture of concretes exposed to the corrosive effects of liquid environments during operation.

Problem statement. Organic polysulfides are promising as modifiers of petroleum road bitumen. Their introduction into bitumen allows obtaining binders with high elasticity and softening temperature, low brittleness temperature and wide temperature range of application. At the same time, polysulfides have a relatively small molecular weight (300-600 Mr) and to show a significant modification effect a relatively large dose of them in the binder composition is required (up to 40 wt.%), which increases the economic costs of producing polysulfides and bitumen-polysulfide binders based on them. In addition, the process of copolymerization of sulfur with organic products is quite long (3-4 hours), which increases the time of the production cycle and requires high energy costs. In order to optimize the composition, reduce the synthesis time and ensure the effect of bitumen modification with small doses of polysulfides (up to 5 wt.%), polysulfides of new compositions have been developed, consisting of sulfur, a mixture of higher fatty acids and polyethylene polyamine, with the introduction of a catalyst - calcium chloride - into the reaction mass. The objectives of the work are: the selection of components of the organic polysulfide composition; synthesis of organic polysulfide; introduction of polysulfide into petroleum road bitumen with the production of bitumen-polysulfide binders and study of their properties and structure. Results. The introduction of organic polysulfide of a new composition into bitumen helps to increase the binder softening temperature, reduce the brittleness and penetration temperature, and increase the adhesive properties to the materials of the mineral filler of the asphalt concrete mixture. The use of a catalyst allows reducing the time of polysulfide synthesis by 2 times. Bitumen-polysulfide binders are heterogeneous multiphase systems. Their microstructure contains crystalline neoplasms of a dendritic form. Conclusions. During the exposure period of hardened binders up to 7 days, a kinetic increase in the softening temperature and a decrease in penetration are observed, which is probably associated with the process of crystallization and recrystallization of organic polysulfide. The results obtained suggest that road asphalt concretes based on bitumen-polysulfide binders will have resistance to plastic and low-temperature deformations.

Problem statement. Network scheduling plays an important role in construction project management by ensuring efficient resource allocation and schedule control. However, the dynamic nature of the construction process leads to unexpected changes, known as bifurcations, when small deviations in parameters cause abrupt restructuring of the project network graph. Bifurcations can be caused by various factors, including supply delays, resource shortages, adverse weather conditions, and changes in legislation. As a result, the critical path of the project is disrupted, leading to schedule shifts and increased costs. The purpose of this study is to develop models that take into account bifurcations in network scheduling. The research objectives include: -Studying the mechanisms of bifurcation occurrence in construction projects within the context of network scheduling, as well as determining their impact on project timelines and costs. -Developing adaptive management methods for construction projects to minimize risks associated with bifurcations. Results. The paper discusses various types of bifurcations, including topological bifurcation, resource constraint bifurcation, and external condition bifurcation. Mathematical methods for forecasting bifurcations are analyzed. Additionally, approaches to managing bifurcations are studied. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry lies in the fact that the implementation of mathematical models for forecasting bifurcations in construction projects, as well as the analysis of time buffers and critical paths, allows for more accurate forecasting of potential changes in a project. This helps to adjust planning in a timely manner and avoid negative consequences. Modern construction projects are becoming increasingly complex and large-scale, requiring the application of flexible management methods and forecasting of possible changes. Effective prediction of bifurcations and timely adjustments to planning help minimize risks, improve the economic efficiency of construction, and ensure its timely completion.

Problem statement. Use of shallow foundations in low-rise construction is one of the most economical solutions compared to other types of foundations, as it requires minimal material and labor costs for its construction. In this regard, it is important to study the specifics of the technology of their construction and insulation, taking into account the climatic conditions prevailing in our country. The purpose of this study is to optimize the thermal insulation consumption in the foundation structure by modeling and then calculating the thermal fields of the basement and the foundation structure in winter. Results. Based on the results of the study, the effective parameters of the thermal insulation contour of a shallow foundation were determined. To avoid freezing of the soil under the base, it is necessary to ensure the following minimum dimensions: the depth of the horizontal layer of thermal insulation is at least 340 mm, the width of the thermal insulation skirt is from 1050 mm. It was found that the proposed solutions for thermal insulation of shallow foundations provide significant optimization of material consumption: the thickness of the horizontal insulation layer is 34% less, the vertical layer is 14% less, and the skirt width is reduced by 8.3% compared to the recommendations of standard STO 36554501-012-2008. At the same time, the total saving in thermal insulation materials reaches 31% of the recommended volume, which does not affect the operational reliability of the structure. Conclusions. The results obtained are of great practical importance for the construction industry, as they allow optimizing the material and labor costs for the construction of shallow foundations while ensuring their operational reliability in conditions of deep soils. The developed recommendations can be used in the design of low-rise buildings in regions with a cold climate.

Problem statement. The main parameter that allows to take into account the influence of the content of municipal solid waste components on the yield of combustion products of a heterogeneous mixture during thermal utilization is its calorific value. There are methods for setting the calorific value, but they are tied to assumptions that allow only a rough estimate of this parameter. The dependence of the influence of the calorific value on the operating characteristics of municipal solid waste has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the work is to numerically study the operating characteristics of fuel, predict the composition of a multicomponent gas mixture during municipal solid waste combustion. The objectives of the study are: to determine the dependencies and design parameters of thermal utilization of municipal solid waste, which improve the characteristics of the combustion products of the gas mixture. Results. The paper presents the results of numerical studies of the composition and operating characteristics of fuel during thermal utilization of municipal solid waste. A formula is derived for the dependence of the calorific value on the operating characteristics of municipal solid waste for the temperature range (1000 ... 2200 K). The influence of the calorific value of municipal solid waste on the prediction of the composition parameters is shown. The dependence has been formed to determine the lower calorific value at a variable temperature. In the studied temperature range, no condensate is formed during the combustion of solid waste. The main components of the combustion products are: nitrogen dioxide (~12%), water (~18%) and molecular nitrogen (~66%). Toxic components account for no more than 4%. The remaining substances are neutral in terms of toxicity. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of adjusting the methods for calculating the composition of combustion products, due to the use of the derived improved formula for determining the calorific value of solid waste, in order to clarify the methods of air protection. The calculation results in this approximation are a kind of criterion for assessing the energy and environmental efficiency of real waste incineration plants.

Problem statement. The Republic of Tatarstan has a rich historical and cultural heritage, including architectural monuments, unique urban ensembles, landmarks and historical settlements that form a regional cultural identity. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop mechanisms for integrating historical and cultural heritage into modern urban planning, preserving it for future generations. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of urban development of historical settlements of the Republic of Tatarstan, which form the unique cultural and historical specifics of the region. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: urban planning analysis and systematization of data in the field of socio-economic development of historical settlements of regional significance of the Republic of Tatarstan, formation of a typology of historical settlements of regional significance of the Republic of Tatarstan based upon identification of limitations and opportunities for their development. Results. The main results of the study are that a comprehensive study of the historical settlements of the Republic of Tatarstan was conducted in a regional context with the identification of historical and cultural diversity, landscape conditions and socio-economic factors. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained lies in the fact that the identified features will make it possible to determine strategically the directions of development of historical settlements, to form recommendations for improving urban planning solutions in the context of sustainable territorial planning of the region.

Statement of the problem. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that urbanization processes in modern cities occur rapidly, which leads to a number of problems, one of which is related to the transport system of large cities and agglomerations. A number of cities, including Kazan, face serious problems in the field of transport: there is a lack of full-fledged integrated transport solutions combining various modes of transport, excessive dependence of the population on personal cars and an increase in vehicle flow, which leads to constant traffic jams. The purpose of the study is to form structural and functional models of transport hubs in the planning structure of large cities and agglomerations. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to study domestic and foreign experience in designing transport hubs; to determine the typology of transport hubs; to develop typical structural and functional models of transport hubs. Results. The main results of the study are that the comparative analysis of the design and operation of transport hubs in domestic and foreign practice has been carried out, the features of their formation in the planning structure of cities and agglomerations have been determined, and a typology of transport hubs has been developed. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architecture and urban planning is that typical structural and functional models of transport hubs have been developed, the practical application of which helps to increase the efficiency of the transport framework of large cities and agglomerations.

Problem statement. The spontaneous growth of urban agglomerations and insufficient coordination of their development lead to a number of problems, such as uneven distribution of infrastructure, transport congestion, and a decrease in the quality of the urban environment. In this regard, there is a need to develop effective mechanisms for managing the spatial development of agglomerations, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to substantiate approaches to identifying and classifying agglomeration growth points that contribute to the sustainable spatial development of urban agglomerations. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to define the concept of “growth point in urban development”, to propose a classification of growth points by type and to identify the factors of determining and developing agglomeration growth points. Results. In the course of the study, approaches to determining agglomeration growth points are systematized, and their classification based on the identified factors is proposed. The key groups of factors influencing the formation and development of growth points in urban agglomerations, as well as their role in the spatial development of territories are identified. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained lies in the fact that the identified factors will make it possible to determine strategically important areas for the development of agglomerations, as well as promising areas, the development of which may affect the socio-economic aspects of agglomerations in the future.

Problem statement. In the context of the growth of domestic and international tourism in the Republic of Tatarstan, the task of studying the historical heritage of Kazan in order to restore and strengthen regional identity is becoming more relevant. The aim of this study is to examine the architectural and planning features of the buildings and structures in the Panaevsky Garden in Kazan during the second half of the 19th century. The objectives of the study: 1. Systematization of historical and archival materials, as well as scientific literature related to the history of gardens and parks. 2. Comprehensive analysis of data in three aspects: the development of architectural features of the buildings and structures within the garden; the classification of structures based on typological criteria; the identification of stylistic solutions and patterns in the spatial organization of the garden. 3. Comparative study of the architecture of the Panaevsky Garden with other gardens in Kazan during the period under study. Results. The research identifies the architectural and planning characteristics, typological features, and principles of spatial organization of the buildings and structures in the Panaevsky Garden during the second half of the 19th century. A comparative analysis of the Kazan gardens of the period under study with the Panaevsky Garden was conducted, allowing for the identification of common trends and regional specificities. Conclusions. The significance of this study lies in the creation of a systematic database on the historical urban gardens of Kazan in the second half of the 19th century. The research materials can be applied in the development of educational programs for architectural universities; also they can serve as a basis for restoration projects in the historical areas of the city and the promotion of cultural heritage in the tourism sector.

Problem statement. With the development of robotics, the concept of the "uncanny valley," which emerged due to the awkward appearance of androids from the 1970s, has gained popularity in the scientific community. Subsequent advancements in design within robotics have enabled the creation of more realistic humanoid androids. However, based on the phenomenon of boundary of psychological categories, new effects have emerged, including the phenomenon of "liminal" architectural spaces capable of evoking intense emotional reactions in users of architectural spaces. At the same time, unlike the complex realization of real architecture, the field of level design offers the possibility to design any type of space—both liminal and strictly categorized—thereby creating comfortable conditions for interaction. The aim of research is to develop a methodology for creating emotionally effective architectural spaces based on analyzing the experience of architectural implementation in video games and design in robotics. Research objectives: Analyze the psychological aspects of the formation and influence of various architectural spaces in video games on viewers; Identify the reasons for the specific psychological impact of architectural spaces; Interpret the psychological experience of game levels designing for developing a methodology for the compositional organization of real architecture. Results. The study revealed that architectural modeling in video games, which had previously not received sufficient attention in the scientific community, contains a number of pragmatic insights that can be successfully applied to real architecture and other fields related to spatial perception. Unlike aesthetic architectural concepts based on the transformation of decor and ergonomics, the application of architectural space modeling experience from video games can enhance psychological effectiveness by relying on the principle of fixed perspective. The analysis of gaming experience also allows for the manipulation of psychological categories of architectural spaces, evoking emotions of awe or horror in viewers, which may find practical application. Conclusions. The research identified the characteristic features of psychologically effective architectural spaces that can be incorporated into the process of creating volumetric compositions. Architectural form-making can move away from planar aesthetic concepts and instead focus on significant psychological reactions associated with fear or awe, thereby enabling the creation of psychologically effective spaces.