Problem statement. Contemporary cultural practices place high demands on the spatial organization of the building, which requires a significant revision of the functional structure of existing facilities. Results. On the basis of modern domestic and foreign experience in applying the scenario based approach, its basic principles were formulated and the development of a functional zoning scheme for the complex of buildings of the Kazan Young Spectator Theater was carried out. Functional processes were distributed among existing and newly erected spaces in such a way as to achieve coordination of the functioning of all processes, lack of idle space and maintain a holistic perception of the complex as an architectural monument. Conclusions. The significance of the results for architecture lies in identifying the potential of the scenario based approach in designing during the architectural reconstruction of cultural institutions, through the elaboration of functional zoning as a developing system of spaces applying in accordance with the features of the processes taking place there.

Problem statement. This article describes the processes by which the interaction of architectural design and stage design art takes place. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the methods of artistic design of theatrical productions are capable of finding their application in the organization of the urban architectural environment. The authors set the following tasks: 1) to study the history and chronology of the development of theatrical art and set design; 2) to analyze how the contact between the theater and architecture occurs: review the work of architects and set designers, study the activities of creative groups that used methods of merging various spheres of arts (including architecture and theater) in creating their works, and find out whether the study of architecture in obtaining stage education and vice versa; 3) to reveal whether the architectural space, organized as a stage space, by scenographic approaches, can have a positive impact on the cultural development of users. Results. The main results of the research consist in determining the quality of the mutual influence of architecture and set design. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the architecture consists in the discovery that such an approach can positively influence the development of architecture and create spaces that increase the cultural level of society.

Problem statement. The development of the Admiralty building complex in the period from 1734 to 1812 is of particular interest. During this period of time a three-beam planning scheme of St. Petersburg was formed. Results. The result of the authors’ research is a detailed disclosure of the urban situation and development of the territory, the chronology of the Admiralty fortress operation, the development of its territory and individual architectural and structural elements. Conclusions. The authors conducted a systematization of archival materials that highlighted the key stages associated with development within the complex of buildings of the Main Admiralty provided previously unknown information about the building and operation areas.

Problem statement. In the White hall of the Library. V.V. Mayakovsky St. Petersburg October 30, 2015 the presentation of the book «Houses and houses of Peter I» [1]. The book was presented by Ph. D., head of the encyclopedic Department of the faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg state University V.V. Yakovlev and architect G.V. Mikhailov, whom the authors of this work sincerely respect. However, due to the scale of the publication, and it covers the history of houses and cottages of Peter I in various cities of Europe and Russia, associated with the life and work of the Emperor, the story of the Kazan stay was missed. Results. The result of the work of the authors are previously unknown to the General public, data on the technical condition of individual elements of a unique building for Kazan and Tatarstan, the preservation of which is technically challenging. Conclusions. In this article the authors on the basis of engineering and historical and cultural research [2-4] reveal the stages of changing the architectural appearance of this unique building for Kazan and the Republic of the building.

Problem statement. The aim of research is to define priority in architecture of transport and pedestrian bridges of transport and pedestrian zones, to analyze a functional and spatial and art and figurative system of these zones throughout a historical way of development of transport and pedestrian bridges. To allocate the main stages of formation of these zones, to track their evolution. Results. The carried-out analysis allowed to reveal several stages of development of the transport and pedestrian bridges arose for providing a joint safe crossing of two streams – people and the vehicles operated by them. In an article the architectural system of transport and pedestrian bridges are analyzed on the example of bridges of ancient China, the first transport and pedestrian bridges in Europe, transport and pedestrian bridges of an era of technical revolution and bridges of the 20th and 21st centuries. Conclusions. The importance of the received results for architecture consists in definition that the transport and pedestrian bridge as a look arose when the pedestrian bridge was allocated as an independent view of bridges. Bridges with the mixed movement of people and transport remained until for two of these types of movement on them did not begin to solve separate zones. Development of vehicles, and, above all – speed of their movement, defined a priority of their zone on bridges. The period of revaluation of priorities came with judgment of the importance for people of spaces of pedestrian zones of bridges. As a result the zone of the pedestrian movement began to win the leading role in the functional and spatial and art and figurative solution of transport and pedestrian bridges.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is the consideration of the evolution of the shape of the concert hall from rectangular to complex configuration associated with the appearance of the Berlin Philharmonic, its progressive complexity and introduction of such architectural systems as «shell», which is currently widely used in the interior and exterior of the spectacular building, contributing to the formation of plasticity of architectural structures. Results. The most important stages in the development of the audience space of the concert hall are identified; the classification of the most used shells and the identification of the role of these systems in the composition of the building are made. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the architecture is to further improve the process of shaping the concert hall with the introduction of shells of simple and complex geometry.

Problem statement. In this article, the relevance of the transformation of living space is considered on the basis of the principles and analysis of modern design and construction experience, the main techniques of architectural transformation are outlined and features that affect living space changes are identified. Results. The main results of the research consist of identifying the general principles of the formation of a transformable living space. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained research results for architecture consists in the creation of a new type of housing – a modern, dynamic, innovative. The use of transformation in housing can be considered as a method of changing the space-planning solution, depending on the requirements, functional processes, conditions and the creation of a sustainable architecture.

Problem statement. Each city is unique. Modern professionals need to determine the vector of development of historical cities. The article is devoted to the study of the identity of the citizen, the identity of the city, as the most pressing issue of our time. Such definitions as the city, culture, culture of the city, as the main driving forces for the development of historical cities are considered. Results. An analysis of theoretical studies revealed factors affecting the identity of a city dweller. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of the above factors, their characteristics are proposed. Also the basics of identifying developed a territory or city. The basic methods of organizing the volume-spatial structure for the future development of historical cities are described. Conclusions. The significance of the research results for architecture consists in the expansion of knowledge in the field of architectural originality. Further developments in the context of architecture identity can be based on the experience of theory and practice in the search for the national and regional identity of Kazan.

Problem statement. The aim of the article is to reveal the ways of transformation and the updating of the architectural and spatial environment of the central part of Chistopol directed to satisfaction of new social needs of inhabitants on condition of preservation of valuable historical, cultural and architectural heritage of the city. Results. As a result of a research the main assumptions of architectural and urban transformation of the historic center of Chistopol are revealed and analyzed. There are given the results of complex assessment of the developed condition of the functional and spatial organization of the central part of the city, the characteristics of the considered territory defining an identity of architectural appearance of the center Chistopol are revealed. Conclusions. The significance of the received results for architectural and urban theory consists in presentation of a complex of methods of architectural and planning reconstruction of the center of Chistopol which are directed, both to maintaining the historical image of the town, and the planning strategies on its further development.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to assess the stress-strain state of the contact of the layers of the composite section and the limiting load-carrying capacity of flexible anchor ties most used in steel-reinforced concrete structures. The task is set on the basis of the analysis of technical domestic and foreign literature to identify the carrying capacity of the most used anchor ties in civil engineering. Write new analytical expressions for estimating the carrier of the anchor rod. Results. The main results of the research consist of determining a number of positions of strength and deformability, in revealing, stress state, contact seam «steel-concrete» steel concrete, bent elements and assessment of their bearing capacity and comparison of results. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in identifying the stress-strain state of the contact seam of the steel-concrete element. The research results, analytical expressions for assessing the strength of the contact seam of steel-reinforced concrete bent elements can be used in the construction of ribbed slabs and beams of new buildings in steel-reinforced concrete, wood concrete, prefabricated monolithic reinforced concrete variants and in the restoration of floors of buildings that have served their standard life.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to achieve 100 % insolation of the living rooms of a student dormitory oriented in the latitudinal direction by taking into account reflected solar radiation from the opposing building. Results. The work shows the importance of solar exposure and its effect on the psycho-emotional state of students during their studies in the northern regions of the country. The analysis of examples of the use of reflected insolation in the world practice of building design is given. The main result of the work is a technique for designing a latitudinal orientation building with an insolation of all living rooms using the Rhino Grasshoper automated design complex. The efficiency of solar radiation reflected from the southern facade has been proved as an insolation source for the northern facade according to the energy method of calculating the room insolation. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the architectural and construction complex consists in the development of a methodology for designing corridor-type buildings of latitudinal orientation with 100 % insolation of all residential premises, through the use of reflection of solar radiation from opposing buildings.

Problem statement. The purpose of the research is to study such a method of non-destructive testing of enclosing structures as thermal imaging, and how the selected contactless technology can be effectively used when detecting deficiencies of enclosing structures of buildings. Results. The main results of the research consist in a proposal to use the principles identified on the basis of a survey of a six-story residential panel house in Nizhnekamsk. Various shortcomings in the elements of building envelopes were evaluated, some of which would be difficult to determine using diagnostic methods other than infrared thermography. The existing thermal resistance of the shell elements is quantified. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is that this method will improve the long-term energy efficiency of existing buildings and will further contribute to the designers when choosing elements of building structures and thermal insulation of objects under construction or reconstruction.

Problem statement. The article for the first time considers the possibility of using the step of 18 m columns in the reinforced concrete frame of a single-storey industrial building, which is not typical for reinforced concrete structures. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the economic feasibility of the use of high-strength concrete in drames of one-story industrial buildings with different column grids. There are considered supporting structures of frames with different space-planning and design solutions to assess the effectiveness of the use of high-strength concrete. Results. The main results of the study are to confirm the hypothesis about the effectiveness of the use of high-strength concrete in the construction of a one-story industrial building. Static calculations and calculations of the basic structures of the building for temperature blocks of various variations are performed. For each construction, the calculation is made, both for ordinary concrete and for high strength. Considering the frameworks of the temperature unit with the same area, but with different pitch of the columns, a comparative analysis and feasibility study were carried out. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is to confirm the effectiveness of the use of high-strength concrete in the supporting structures of frames of industrial buildings. The use of high-strength concrete allows to reduce the consumption of basic materials, the weight of structures and the total cost of the frame.

Problem statement. The purpose of conducting experimental research is the development of the theory of strength and deformation of clay soils under conditions of triaxial compression with combined alternating long-term static and cyclic loading. Results. As a result of the research, new experimental data were obtained on the peculiarities of the stress-strain state of clay soils under conditions of triaxial compression under combined alternating long-term static and cyclic loading, as well as the development of base sediments of foundation models in laboratory conditions. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the fact that in experimental studies of determining changes in the strength and deformability of clay soils with combined alternating long-term static and cyclic loading, it is necessary to modernize engineering methods for calculating sediment and bearing capacity of foundations.

Problem statement. The goal of research is to analyze heat exchange process in pipes with difficult geometry of «pipe in pipe» apparatus type. Pipes represent sequence of alternating sections of confuser, straight and diffuser of different length. Application of such elements requires wide experimental research. The research sometimes requires significant financial expenses. the authors carried out numerical studies for cost reduction. Results. Main results of the research: the stationary Reynolds average Navier-Stocks equations in a cylindrical coordinate system with the angularly symmetry were recorded, taking into account the dependence of dynamic viscosity on temperature with boundary conditions reflecting the geometry of the flow path of the channel. Numerical implementation made it possible to formulate the dependences of the Nusselt criterion on the Reynolds number, to obtain criterial equations for three types of pipes. Comparison of the efficiency of round pipes with pipes of complex geometry is made. It has shown that the proposed heat exchange elements are more efficient. Conclusion. The significance of the received results for construction industry is that authors suggest a full set of innovative heat exchange equipment.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to conduct a full-scale study of the microclimate parameters in the premises of several residential apartments in Kazan. According to the data obtained, to assess the thermal comfort in the premises of the apartments, using the PMV and PPD indices, according to the international standard ISO 7730. Results. The discrepancy between the level of thermal comfort for the studied apartments according to the requirements of the international standard was revealed. The presence and location of zones of thermal comfort and discomfort in the apartments was determined, indicating the subjective assessment of tenants according to the calculated PMV and PPD index. The spontaneity of the folding microclimate conditions in residential apartments is shown. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry consists in identifying the fact that the required level of thermal comfort in the premises is not ensured for all residents at a time. This fact is caused by a different level of metabolism in each person, which is the basis of heat exchange processes. The knowledge gained allows to formulate an approach to improving the quality of thermal comfort at the design stage, which consists in increasing the variability of microclimate parameters within one apartment.

Problem statement. After washing the fuel oil tanks at thermal power plants and other facilities, there are lots of oil sludge and oily effluents, which cannot be used as secondary fuel without the use of furnaces of a special design. At sawmills and wood processing enterprises, lots of secondary wood materials are accumulated, which can be processed into demanded energy resources only if appropriate technologies are available. The aim of the study is to design a universal boiler. Task: integrated use of oil sludge and wood waste as fuel. Results. Complex use of wood waste and sludge as fuel for boiler developed, including the technical capabilities of the fluidized bed, grate and flaring. A universal boiler with three furnaces for burning solid oil sludge in a fluidized bed, liquid oil sludge in a chamber furnace, wood waste in a moving layer on a chain lattice was developed. Solid powdered oil sludge enters through the pre-chamber into the first furnace, working on the principle of a fluidized bed. The height of the fluidized bed is adjusted by the amount of quartz sand loaded into the first furnace. The second furnace with a flue connected to the first furnace. Preheating of the second furnace is carried out with the help of flat-panel burners located on two walls by burning fuel natural gas in them. At the same time, the flame of the burners heats the refractory lining of the walls of the second furnace, the radiation of which ignites the layer of wood waste on the chain lattice. The third furnace, which operates on the principle of chamber combustion of liquid waste oil sludge, is connected by a gas duct to the second furnace. Of the second furnace receives the products of combustion in a third furnace. The gaseous products of combustion of the sludge and the products of combustion received from the first and second inserts, give the heat radiation of the display surfaces, and further, the convection heating surfaces of the superheater, economizer and air heater. With the thermal power of the boiler 30 MW, the amount of electricity generated is 12 MW. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry is that a universal boiler has been developed for the simultaneous combustion of solid and liquid oil sludge and wood to produce a pair of energy parameters used to generate electricity. The types of burners for fluidized bed furnaces, layer combustion of wood and chamber combustion of liquid oil sludge are proposed.

Problem statement. The purpose of the research is to study the complexation of copper(II) with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and to identify the possibility of using hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid as ligands of copper(II) ions to obtain stable solutions of chemical copper plating. Results. The formation of copper(II) complexes with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid has been studied by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. A method is proposed for processing EPR data – measurements for calculating the distribution of complex forms in the form of the dependence dП/dpH – f(pH), where P is the parameter of the EPR spectrum, which seems promising for describing paramagnetic systems characterized by complex equilibria with small relative magnetic line widths. The compositions were established and the stability constants of the complexes were calculated at various pH-range . Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the fact that new materials have been studied based on copper complexes with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid. It has been established that hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid forms stable complex compounds with copper(II) ions and is a promising ligand for obtaining high-quality metallic coatings.

Problem statement. The aim of the research – to reveal the influence of nanostructuring components on characteristics of a cement stone and property of high-strength and heat-resistant concrete. The received results will allow to approach to reception of high-strength and heat-resistant concrete reasonably scientifically. Results. The main results of the study consist in reception of quantitative structural characteristics of a cement stone of the high-strength concrete modified carbon nanotubes, and also the concrete of the raised thermal stability including natural schungite carbon components, having fullerene nanostructure. Researches on micro- and nanolevel have shown defining role nanostructuring components in formation of structure and maintenance of properties of concrete. The obtained data have allowed to expand representations about mechanisms of structurization of a cement stone and to approach to working out of concrete with special properties reasonably scientifically. Conclusions. The significance of the work results for the construction industry consists in reception of the high-strength and heat-resistant concrete modified nanostructuring by components. Practical realization of the received concrete consists in their use in the two-layer ferroconcrete designs including bearing layer from high-strength concrete and a fireproof layer from heat-resistant concrete for buildings and constructions to which increased requirements on bearing ability and stability are shown at fire influence.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the effect on the properties of cement stone of adding clays of different composition and roasting temperature to Portland cement. Results. This paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the composition and calcination temperature of clay additives, ground to 250 m2/kg on the properties of cement stone. The most significant increase in the properties of cement stone is achieved with the introduction of additives kaolin clay, obtained by thermo-activation at temperatures of 300 and 600 °C, and the addition of polymineral clay (without kaolin) by thermo-activation at a temperature of 400 °C. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the fact that they allow us to conclude that it is possible to produce economically and technically effective additives to Portland cement based on common clay raw materials with relatively low energy consumption for their thermal activation and grinding.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study was the manufacture of compositions and samples of sulfur concrete, the study of their physico-chemical characteristics and the assessment of biostability. Results. The main results of the study consist in the manufacture of a number of sulfur concrete compositions, the determination of their physicochemical characteristics, and the conduct of kinetic studies to determine the biostability of sulfur concrete. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the fact that, as a result of the studies, sulfur concretes with high strength characteristics were obtained, their physicochemical properties (density, water absorption) were studied, biostability was determined, and conclusions were drawn about the effect of the chemical composition of the compositions on the properties of sulfur concretes and the possibility of their practical application.

Problem statement. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of methods of preliminary preparation of thermally activated clay, which is a pozzolan component in the preparation of water-resistant composite gypsum binders, as well as the effect of mechanochemical activation in the joint grinding of thermally activated clay with the addition of a plasticizer on the pozzolanic activity and the change in the required number of pozzolanic component in the composition of composite gypsum binders. Results. It is established that the required amount of thermally activated clay in the composition of gypsum-cement-pozzolan composition at its grinding to specific surfaces of 200-500 m2/kg together with the addition of the Melflux 2651 F plasticizer decreases by 20-25 % compared with the use of thermally activated clay ground without the introduction of a plasticizer. The optimal amount of Melflux 2651 F plasticizer introduced during grinding with thermally activated clay was established. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the fact that the application of the technology of production of composite gypsum binders thermoactivating grinding clay to a dispersion with the introduction of additives of a plasticizer due to the effect of mechanical activation allows to reduce the consumption of pozzolanic component in the composition of the binder or the energy consumption for grinding.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to solve a scientific problem to improve the effectiveness of the use of fixed decorative facade casing, by selecting the most suitable material. Results. By calculating in the Lyra CAD software complex, a model of fixed formwork for a column of glass-magnesite sheet has been developed, and the formwork has been designed. The technological map for the installation of permanent formwork and concreting of the column with the definition of the required number of the type of work and their labor intensity has been developed. Conclusions. The values of the obtained results for the construction industry consist in increasing the efficiency of using fixed formwork for round columns of glass-magnesite sheet. The use of fixed formwork from glass-magnesite sheet for a round monolithic column allows to reduce the labor costs for their construction and increase the fire resistance of structures. The following parameters should be indicated in the column from the fixed support: the column height is 3 m, diameter is 500 mm, the thickness of the glass-magnesite sheet is 10 mm, the pipe clamp is h = 100 mm, d = 530?10 mm with a step of 1 m.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to determine the properties of asphalt mixtures using soft roof waste. Results. The main results of the study are the development and implementation of technological schemes for the preparation of asphalt mixtures using soft roof waste. It was established that the introduction of soft roof waste in an amount of 2 % allows us to meet the requirements for asphalt concrete in accordance with GOST 9128. Conclusions. The value of the obtained results to the construction industry is to ensure the quality of production of asphalt mixtures while reducing their cost and the disposal of soft roof wastes during the construction and repair of roads and city streets.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of foreign and domestic bridge management systems and to develop a decision-making algorithm in the regional bridge management system. Results. The study identified the advantages and disadvantages of the considered bridge management systems. Also the algorithm of decision-making allowing to form the effective strategy of repair defining priority of works is developed. This algorithm, in addition to the technical condition and cost of work, also makes it possible to take into account the importance of construction in the network of roads of regional importance. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry is the possibility of developing adaptable regional-oriented bridge management systems that will take into account the peculiarities of the approach to financial management in the region.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to simulate the process of deformation of asphalt concrete pavements of bridges under temperature exposure. The development of the model was caused by the need to assess the effect of temperature stresses on the stress-strain state of asphalt concrete pavement of bridges with the simplest design schemes. The selection was made according to the criterion of compliance with the results of numerical modeling. Results. As a result of comparing the analytical solutions obtained using the proposed models with the results of numerical modeling, the following conclusions were made: - tensile stresses reach their maximum in the upper fiber of the asphalt concrete layer; - thermal stresses increase from the edge to the center of the plate; - an increase in stresses caused by an uneven temperature distribution over the thickness of asphalt concrete does not exceed 7 % in the elastic setting and, taking into account stress relaxation, may not be taken into account; - an increase in the rigidity of the base of the asphalt concrete layer by a factor of 1000 leads to an increase in maximum stresses of no more than 10 % in the elastic setting, which, taking into account the relaxation of stresses, gives reason to use the selected model for both metal and reinforced concrete bridges. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the possibility of a more complete understanding of the causes of the destruction of asphalt pavement of bridges and, accordingly, the possibility of taking these factors into account when assigning the thickness and physico-mechanical parameters of asphalt pavements.

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is the strength assessment of reinforced concrete chimney during dismantling by roll method. Results. The results of modeling the loss of bearing capacity of a monolithic reinforced concrete chimney during the dismantling by the method of directional rolls are presented. Two variants of the calculation for determining the size of the opening in the trunk of the pipe: a) the pipe is considered as an eccentric-compressed elastic column; b) the pipe was modeled as a thin conical shell of variable cross-section in the LIRA package. The stress-strain state of the pipe was investigated depending on the depth of the hole in the trunk of its own weight, as well as taking into account the tension of 17 tons from the excavator. The calculations were performed both in geometric and physical linear formulation and taking into account the nonlinearity. The results of the calculations and recommendations were taken into account in the preparation of the project of works for the dismantling of the chimney. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry is to develop recommendations for the safe dismantling of chimneys and other similar high-rise structures.