About the authors
| First name, Middle name, Last name, Scientific degree, Scientific rank, Current position. Full and brief name of the organization, The organization address. | Galina N. Aidarova, doctor of architecture, professor, Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering, Kazan, Russian Federation. E-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it E-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it , ORCID: 0000-0001-7469-8120 |
| Title of the article | Syuyumbike Tower: Dating of the Monument by Architectural and Structural Features of Brick Walls and Brick-Stone Foundation |
| Abstract. | Problem statement. The Syuyumbike Tower is an architectural monument of world importance, located in the Kazan Kremlin complex under the protection of UNESCO. According to the research of typological and stylistic characteristics, the Syuyumbike Tower is attributed by the author as an object of civil architecture for public and religious purposes, dating back to the period of the Kazan Khanate. The study of architectural and structural elements will allow us to determine its belonging to a particular historical period and to clarify the dating range that exists within different centuries. The purpose of the study is to determine the architectural and structural features of the Syuyumbike Tower, to check the possibility of its belonging to the Kazan-Khan period on the basis of the identification and analysis of its structural elements. Research objectives: 1. To identify and describe the architectural and structural elements of the walls and foundations of the Syuyumbike Tower; 2. To identify constructive analogues in some objects of the Russian-European, Bulgaro-Tatar, Middle Eastern and Central Asian Middle Ages. 3. To determine the architectural and structural features of the Syuyumbike Tower. Results: For the first time, a comprehensive study of the architectural and structural elements of the Syuyumbike Tower has been undertaken, a significant amount of new research materials has been introduced. The Syuyumbike Tower differs from its well-known analogues in Russian architecture of the 17th and early 18th centuries in terms of the foundation, brick size, mortar, ceilings, etc.; it is close to certain construction techniques of the Bulgaro-Tatar, European, Russian-Italian Middle Ages. The features of the design solution are archaic foundation, geometrically harmonized step-by-step ascending structure of the volume with gradual thinning of the walls, forged iron rods, tie rods with anchor fasteners, lime-alabaster mortar with the inclusion of charcoals, brick similar to the brick of the Kazan Khanate, intra-tiered closed-elongated four-tray brick vault. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results lies in the confirmation of the scientific hypothesis about the possibility of the Bulgaro-Tatar origin of the Syuyumbike tower as a unique gate-tower, polygonal-tiered structure, built according to the design of an outstanding architect who mastered the methods of erecting tower structures characteristic of the European, Russian-Italian and Bulgaro-Tatar architectural schools. |
| Keywords. | Syuyumbike Tower, Kazan Khanate, architectural and structural features, Bulgaro-Tatar traditions, European, Russian-Italian, Middle Eastern, Central Asian influence |
| For citations: | Aidarova G.N. Syuyumbike Tower: Dating of the Monument by Architectural and Structural Features of Brick Walls and Brick-Stone Foundation // News of KSUAE, 2025, № 2(72), p. 371-390, DOI: 10.48612/NewsKSUAE/72.32, EDN: UFLCNP |
