About the authors
| First name, Middle name, Last name, Scientific degree, Scientific rank, Current position. Full and brief name of the organization, The organization address. | Zakirova Tatiana Rifgatovna candidate of architecture, associate professor Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering The organization address: 420043, Russia, Kazan, Zelenaya st., 1 Asadullin Enver Zakievich E-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it candidate of technical sciences, associate professor Kazan Cooperative Institute The organization address: 420061, Russia, Kazan, Ershov st., 58 |
| Title of the article | The development of types of public buildings in Kazan in the second half of the 1930s-the first half of the 1950s and the search for national identity |
| Abstract. | Problem statement. The purpose of the article is to show the process of the formation of various types of public buildings in Kazan from the mid.-1930s to the mid.-1950s and to reveal a rather interesting search for national imagery in the architecture of the capital of Soviet Tataria during the very difficult period of the prewar, military and post-war years for the whole country. Results During this period, due to the lack of uniform rules and regulations, the development of functional planning schemes for public buildings took place in Kazan. In higher educational institutions, the composition of the premises is more expanded compared to the previous period, providing a more convenient and functionally developed scheme of the educational process. In the Palaces and Cultural Houses of Kazan, there are new trends in the enrichment of space, aimed at achieving expressiveness of the environment and subsequently developed into the principles of iridescent spaces. In addition to improving the existing types of buildings in Kazan in 1935, an attempt is being made to create a new multifunctional type of institution – the City Culture Center. The general tendency to search for the national identity of the republics of our country during the period under review, as well as the centuries-old appeal of Kazan architects to national sources and the appearance of the first architects and Tatars in the city, contributed to the development of national traditions in urban architecture. In accordance with the general thrust of Soviet architecture, in most cases, this was expressed in the mechanistic use of already existing traditional forms and decor. In Kazan, either these searches went along the path of creating a more or less organic alloy of the forms of Russian classicism with the national Tatar decor, or they used local architectural forms of past eras – the ancient Bolgars and similar forms of the Muslim East. At the same time, attempts are made to stylize and standardize forms of Bulgarian architecture; this could be used in the future industrialization of architectural forms. At the same time, they tried to use not only the architectural forms of the past but also the planning principles inherent in the Tatar national estate. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the architecture of Kazan was manifested in the fact that the new character of Soviet architecture was clearly manifested in the typology of public buildings of the city. This was expressed in the emergence in Kazan of new types of public buildings, contributing to the beginning of the implementation of the principles of socialism, the beginning of the formation of a unified system of cultural and public services intended for the whole people. Corresponding to the all-Union trends, the Tatar national traditions received a new understanding, which in the 1920s-the first half of the 1930s were barely noticeable, and in the second half of the 1930s-the first half of the 1950s they received their most widespread development, which is a useful example for the development of the modern architecture of Kazan. |
| Keywords. | public buildings, national traditions, soviet architecture. |
| For citations: | Zakirova T.R., Asadullin E.Z. The development of types of public buildings in Kazan in the second half of the 1930s-the first half of the 1950s and the search for national identity // Izvestiya KGASU. 2020. №1(51) P.1-0. |
