Анкета автора(ов)
| Фамилия, имя, отчество, учёная степень, звание, должность. Полное и сокращённое наименование организации, адрес организации. | Надырова Х.Г. – кандидат архитектуры, доцент E-mail: Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет Адрес организации: 420043, Россия, г. Казань, ул. Зелёная, д. 1 |
| Название статьи. | Принципы организации застройки городов Казанского ханства |
| Аннотация. | В статье предпринята попытка выявить принципы организации застройки татарских городов средневековья. Для этого автор проводит параллели между средневековыми городами региона и мусульманского мира, анализирует особенности системы расселения и организации застройки татарских селений северо-западных районов Татарстана, большинство из которых преемственно развивалось с эпохи Казанского ханства. Автор выдвигает гипотезу о сохранении в них градостроительных традиций ханско-татарского периода. Для подтверждения гипотезы автором привлечены исторические источники и архивные материалы в виде планировочных схем, планов и съёмок селений татар конца ХVIII-ХIХ вв. |
| Ключевые слова. | История градостроительства, Казанское ханство, планировка, традиции. |
| First name, Middle name, Last name, Scientific degree, Scientific rank, Current position. Full and brief name of the organization, The organization address. | Nadyrova Kh.G. – candidate of architecture, associate professor E-mail: Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering The organization address: 420043, Russia, Kazan, Zelenaya st., 1 |
| Title of the article | Principles of the organization of the cities of the Kazan khanate |
| Abstract. | The main task of the article was to identify the principles of the organization for the development of the Kazan khanate of the medieval period. The author tried to trace the influence of Islam in the form of Sharia on the formation of residential towns, as khanate was the Muslim state. The author puts forward a hypothesis about the long-term preservation of the medieval Tatar traditions in the planning and development of the Tatar villages of the Kazan district of the XVIII-XIX centuries which were formed in the Kazan khanate. In it there was a «daruzhnaya» system of organization and related settlement system. A comparison of the medieval cities of the Volga-Kama and the Muslim world has shown that they had much in common. There were general principles of spatial organization of Muslim cities, reflecting the specifics of the city life in accordance with the requirements of the Sharia. For the cities of the Volga-Kama they traced on the example of Kazan – the capital of the Kazan khanate. The principle of organization of the city with a two-part structure: the Kremlin and the outer city. The principle of hierarchy in the placement of the mosques in the city structure. The principle of taking into account the requirements of the Sharia in the building of the city. He defined the physical and social relations between the public and private sectors as well as between the neighbors and social groups. The principle of the supremacy of private life was the most important in the organization of the Islamic population. Construction of cities was carried out according to clan-related principle, when separate parts or blocks of cities descended from families of one kind or tribal group, referring to a particular clan. The principle of the separation of cemeteries from the shelter. The originality and distinction between the cities in the region of the Volga-Kama and the countries of the Muslim East was determined by natural-climatic conditions. Therefore, the specificity of the cities and settlements of the Kazan khanate with the Muslim population gave the techniques of organization of building and living in a city with a view of the specified principles. |
| Keywords. | History of urban development, the Kazan khanate, planning, traditions. |
| Для цитирования: | Надырова Х.Г. Принципы организации застройки городов Казанского ханства // Известия КГАСУ. 2012. №2(20) С.28-40. |
| For citations: | Nadyrova Kh.G. Principles of the organization of the cities of the Kazan khanate // Izvestiya KGASU. 2012. №2(20) P.28-40. |
