This article draws conclusions about complex scientifical research on the origin and development of the historical manor ensemble «Tatishchev Manor, the I half of the XVIII century». Located in Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region, it is the object of cultural heritage of federal significance. Tatishchev Manor, the I half of the XVIII century – is the one of the oldest in Podmoskovye, it's a unique facility, located in Boldino village, in the north-west of the city of Moscow. At the moment, there are only three ruined buildings of the former glory of manor ensemble; an overgrown regular park, which differs little from the forest, ponds are partly preserved, household areas are completely lost and a farmyard. At first glance, the elements of the manor ensemble are almost lost. Historical data has been studied and summarized, and amounted to a brief historical summary. Complex research formed the basis for the development of the subject of protection of object of cultural heritage, the proposal for adaptation and reconstruction of historical manor ensemble and the performance of final qualifying work.

Structural aspects of the architecture of XX-XXI centuries reflect the desire of searching new relationships and interactions with the natural environment, tactful introducing of technological developments. The treatment of the principles of functioning, development, formation of nature (a living organism) contributes to rethinking the architectural object as a «second» nature. Structural aspects of architecture: space, morphogenesis, context and process. The aspect of space (inner space) displays the semantic content of architectural space (space philosophy – Peter Eisenman; saturated and empty spaces – Daniel Libeskind; descriptiveness, functionality – Greg Linn; rationalize architecture – Richard Rogers). The aspect of morphogenesis (outer shell) is characterized by the interpretation of natural forms, obtained through computer manipulations and calculations (sculptural – Frank Owen Gehry; architectural ekzo skeleton – Santiago Calatrava; plasticity of forms – Zaha Hadid). The aspect of context (interaction with the natural environment) reflects the degree and nature of the interaction of the object with the environment – the city, the natural environment (environmental configuration – Remment Koolhaas; the harmony of the contest and the object – Renzo Piano; the ability to change architectural objects – Ken Yeang; bioclimatic approach – Nicholas Grimshaw). The aspect of the process (software) is based on the introduction of technological development and software design method; formation of architectural space in accordance with the final program of its functioning and the space «consumption» (range of factors – MVRDV; dynamic – Coop Himmelb (l) au; the interaction of architecture, environment and human – Peter Zumthor; ecology – Norman Foster).

In the town-planning analysis identified the major factors of formation and development of county-level cities of Kazan Volga region: the location of the fortified cities in the defense of strategic locations, on-site pre-existing settlements, connected by trade routes, on elevated areas, the river or its tributaries. At the beginning of the XVIII century walled city losing military importance, they become commercial, craft, the administrative center of the county. It was established that during the XVII-XVIII centuries planning structure of county-level cities of Kazan province had a free layout, subordinated terrain conditions differ by type: radial (Tetyushi, Elabuga), straight (Tsivilsk), mixed (Sviyazhsk). Pre-regular planning structure of the various nationalities of the province had its own peculiarities. A Russian settlement received its development relative to sales areas and coastal areas. The Muslim villages were characterized by high density, hiding their possessions, their orientation to the internal device. Mari and Chuvash village arose spontaneously, formed grouped separate yard estates or groups of households – the neighborhood. During the XVII-XVIII centuries a Russian population had the greatest impact on the traditional type of building of the Tatar, the Chuvash and the Mari, who inhabited the province.

The majority of the cities of the Volga-Kama of XVIth-XVIIIth centuries can be referred to a type of small sentry fortresses with wooden constructive structure. Only the Kazan Kremlin had a wooden and stone structure at the end of the XVIth century. Wood isn not a durable material therefore nowadays medieval sentry cities of the Volga-Kama are almost completely lost. For a research of the medieval cities of the Volga-Kama the author has carried out the analysis of historical and architectural, archival and graphic sources of XVIth-XVIIIth centuries. The basic planning, composite and constructive principles of construction of the fortified cities of the Volga-Kama are revealed. Within the declared question the ancient system of a construction of the Russian cities is analyzed. Creation of the Volga-Kama cities of XVIth-XVIIIth centuries conformed to fortification requirements of this period. No city was erected without fortifications. At this time the city and fortress had identical concepts.

The study found differences in the architectural design of houses in pre-regular period, different nationalities associated with the traditions of farming and certain rituals. The most difficult process of resolving land holdings occurred among the Muslim population in connection with the removal of the requirement of a dwelling house on the street building line. Functional zoning and construction of houses was partly borrowed from the Russian population. Under the influence of different socio-economic conditions intradomestic structure of the space is constantly changing. The composition of the structures depending on the type of activity of the householder and his opportunities. The functional orientation of the home owner activity was manifested in features of the organization of homeownership. The estate and property status of citizens is also always reflected in the structure of the household. Residential construction of the richest part of citizens was characterized by the vastness of the territory, a special composition outhouse. Differentiation of households becomes less visible because of their ethnicity to the fore differences in material nature.

The architecture of the Soviet period is of growing scientific and practical interest among specialists involved in the conservation of cultural heritage. New scientific data on the history of the design and construction of post-war history of Soviet architecture is very important to the historical and cultural significance of many historic buildings in the city of Kazan. Many complexes, and individual structures of this period that are of historical and architectural interest still are in the process of inclusion in the state register of objects of cultural heritage. The process of study is still gaining momentum. Participation in such studies increases the level of competence of graduates, contributes to the development of their communication skills shows ability to research activities in the future. Among the experience of teachers well-known examples when work on the thesis project became the basis for further practical and scientific level of the dissertation research. During the graduation project was an updated list of the valuable elements of architectural planning, spatial structure of the building; elements of monumental-decorative and artistic decoration of facades and interiors. This work should be used in the design documentation on preservation of objects of cultural heritage the next level of value. The program further research and proposals for the use of this unique building can log in and offers graduate design, to meet the requirements of modern time.

This study represents a scientific reconstruction of an architectural monument of the late 19th-early 20th centuries, namely The Dubovskii Ascension Nunnery in Volgograd region. In 1991 after the restitution of the Nunnery to the Church there started a construction of some additional buildings necessary for a conventual life. A number of the existing objects were also restored. All that work was carried out without ample scientific grounds. That is why it became necessary to develop a project of the nunnery graphic reconstruction. The reconstruction suggests returning the initial look of the ensemble to the beginning of the 20yh century (the composition pattern of planning structure, the building up and reconstruction of the lost units). The discovered archival papers and investigation on location made it possible to implement the complex reconstruction of the ensemble. The reconstruction project was developed considering the values of the whole object. Guided by the archival designs made by architect A.M. Salko during the period from 1894 to 1896 the cupola of the Tikhvin Church is being reconstructed now; the restoration of the Resurrection Cathedral in its original place is also being carried out. The renewal of the survived tower and walls has been offered, too. The restoration of the exact location of the nunnery buildings and premises has been carried out considering characteristic features of the functional and canonical requirements of a conventual economy.

Elabuga City has a history of creation and development. Launched regular redevelopment in the 1780-1784 years, provided for the creation of social and administrative center. Spassky Cathedral is the sign and the center of Elabuga and the entire ensemble of the area included in the center of Elabuga construction Quay Street, together with large-scale constructions of the cathedrals, form the main panorama of the city. The historic city center includes architectural monuments, nature, archeology and culture. Elabuga is a town with a thousand years of history, but only after the anniversary began active development of tourism. Tourism is important for Elabuga as a source of revenue the city treasury, the rate of its historical value and recognition. To increase the flow of tourist arrivals, they must be interested in the unique architecture, the history, the traditions, the landscape, the nature, quality service, good food and entertainment. Using the historical center to the needs of tourists a negative impact on the preservation of monuments. This article is devoted to finding methods of preserving the historical environment in Elabuga, in terms of tourism development.

The article discusses the work of constructivist Naum Gabo, and the impact of his method of artistic design in the development of modern architecture and formfinding. The paper analyzes the emergence of new trends in architecture, abstract art and sculpture, which are based on the use of mathematical models of complex geometric surfaces, topological transformations of the classical polyhedra and various tessellations. It is shown that modern art works created by computer programs and numerical methods, in spite of the wide variety of approaches have stylistic unity with constructivism of 20-60s of the last century. The present study suggests a continuity and succession in the development of styles in architecture and art of modernism and contemporary trends, including parametrism as the main style of the post-industrial era. However, the work has shown the need for fundamental research of new styles that are based on mathematical models.

The article dwells upon the renovation of several large industrial parts of Kazan. The authors explore the history of the development of industrial enterprises which were formed the first part of the 20th century, and the reasons of their land degradation. The article summarizes the characteristics of former industrial area of urban location and the problems of their development. It is concluded that prospects of these newly emerged territories in the public areas of the city are unique. Shortcomings of the proposed projects for the land reconstruction are analyzed. The authors aim to develop a methodology for the renovation and fundamental transformation of these large industrial areas. Historically, the industry of Kazan has evolved along with the city. Many industrial sites are currently degraded. However, former industrial area was a significant part of the city. The question of the liberation of the territory became one of the main. An existing solution to this problem in Kazan is the removal (demolition) of the enterprise in the peripheral part of the city refunctionalisation of an industrial site.

Traditional dwelling in different climatic zones based on the accounting of climatic conditions. This aspect is realized in the choice of a rational form and dwelling size, the inclusion of buildings into the natural landscape, the orientation relative to the sun, the direction of wind flows, using natural materials typical for the area, which provides optimal indoor climate. Particular attention is given to energy-saving solutions in the interior layout. Of course, for each climate zone these solutions are different, but in the dwelling within the same climatic zone there are many similarities. The index of the shape of a building is calculated as one of the major space-planning indicators, which allow to conclude about the level of energy efficiency. The trends and the general direction of the architectural and planning methods of energy saving in a traditional dwelling clearly present in the following table, compiled from the results of the study. Traditional architecture in the development process accumulates in itself only the best, viable. That is why it is necessary to pay attention to the valuable experience of the ancient nameless architects at the present stage design.

Contemporary design and architecture are turning to the topic of spatial patterns on the fundamentally new level. In general, this is a combination and repetition of different visual elements having various uses depending on the discipline or technology. The article is devoted to one of the current trends in the field of design – to parametrism, namely a bionic pattern in architecture. Parametrism technique transforms geometric patterns in the new register of tectonic articulation of architectural design. The article briefly examines the main trends of shaping patterns – texture mapping/panelisation, techniques of surface partitioning, the patterns on the basis of flat rectangles, bearing structures, hexagonal grids, patterns based on circles and radial structures. We consider in detail the bio-mimetic or bionic pattern with analysis of methods of its formation with reference to the authors of world renown. Combining elements of botany, morphology, topology, optical effects and emergent growing elements, this system represents a new generation of membranes derived from parametric models using the «complexity» as strategy of modern design to enhance their attractiveness.

Green walls can be subdivided into two major categories: Green Facades and Living Walls. The article considers one of the areas that is relevant for today, vertical gardening – green facades. And particularly striking example of the green wall is a «MFO» park in Zurich, which introduces a new concept in landscape architecture and forms, the term – the building as a landscape. Today, vertical gardening can act not only as a supplement to the architectural environment or as its design element, but as a unique independent unit that can create new forms or create new space. For the realization and acceptance of this possibility as a reality it took many years of experiments with vertical gardening. «MFO» park has become a shining example of the unique self-identity, embodied in itself all the accumulated experience of the use of vertical gardening. Park dictates a new concept of «landscape as a building» or «building as a landscape», made of stainless steel construction with modular bars and mesh of metal wires and five plant species. Also, it blurs the boundaries between «inside» and «outside» and confuses the concept of «park» and «building». In the further future this concept will help to enrich and harmonize the urban environment, to return the green areas and restore the natural balance in the major metropolitan areas.

One of the trend of designing energy-efficient buildings is the integration of renewable energy resources in the structure of the object fences. As a part of an experimental design of energy-efficient building of educational building of the University of innovative technologies in Innopolis, the structural shell cover was designed, for integration into its structure of photovoltaic modules that convert solar energy into electricity. The studies identified the main stages of the design with the construction of 3D-models of the shape-generating shell cover, the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristic of the climatic features of Innopolis, which became possible with the use of modern software Autodesk Project Vasari. Calculations have confirmed the efficiency of the use of shell cover, to be placed on it photovoltaic modules to produce additional electricity that can offset some of the energy consumption for air-conditioning of the educational building. Count the cost-effectiveness of the implementation of the system and its payback within seven years.

The article is devoted to questions of forming and development of innovative infrastructure in modern Russian higher educational institutions. The overview of modern Russian universities based on which there is innovative infrastructure is provided. As examples are provided: profile university, joint universities and federal universities. On the basis of the analysis of the given examples the list of the main function blocks of science and technology park designed to ensure effective functioning on creation of innovations is created. It is established that higher educational institutions are the most effective and powerful base for the development of innovations. The feature of an arrangement of elements of science and technology park of the rather basic university is revealed. The space-planning and composite decision of modern higher educational institutions is also analyzed. Need of creation of single architectural space which favors to a mutual cooperation of participants of educational and innovative, innovative and consumer process is revealed.

Globalization changes not only attitudes and perceptions of the world picture, but also the architectural space. The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of interaction between information and architectural spaces, as an alternative to well-established and principles of form making in architectural design. The author enters a concept of the information space as a separate category in architecture, develops a typological model of disclosure of space. In each of the urban scenarios of modern times stands the dominant information matrix of the parameters, based on which is formed a characteristic typology of six spaces: natural environmental space, space of life, socio-communicative space, moral space, administrative space, media-technological space. As approbation of a research by the author «analytical» assessment of the city scenario from the perspective of typological model and presented the «image» of the modern information and semantic space. The balance of the semantic content of architectural information space serves as a constant formation of the urban environment and the relevant urban scenarios. The use of the typological analysis of the design, search algorithms and possible typological combinations contribute to build a semantic context for spaces with the new environmental parameters, forming a complete balanced architecture.

The article is devoted to solving the issues of the architectural formation of cultural tourism objects with craft and creative function. There are five principles of architectural organization of these objects which were elaborated in the article: the functionality principle, the principle of immersion, the optimization principle, the principle of universality and the principle of integration. This article contains methods proposed for the implementation of these principles. The proposed principles cover such features of architectural organization of cultural tourism objects with craft and creative functions, as: functional, space-planning, architectural planning features. The principles reflect the relationship between the architectural organization of these cultural tourism objects, ways of representing of crafts and creative activities (exhibition of tools and equipment, demonstration of specific procedure of handicraft process, involving tourists in handicraft production – co-production) and the degree of tourists immersion in the craft and creative activity. The principles optimize the floor space of the craft workshops, as well as determine the interaction of craft and creative, educational, trade and exhibition functional zones.

The sculptural decoration, which was formed in the ancient world, used and developed throughout the history of the European states, bulk and decorative solutions. In the 19th century, apart from the traditional citation sculpture in architectural structures as a lot of new space was found. The sculptural decoration, in all its splendor is widely used in the exterior and interior of the 19th century lost its importance in the early 20th century to the period of the new millennium, characterized by its own specific use of decorative sculpture, as a style of development it has passed certain evolution in both his capacities: as an element of artistic design interior and directly stylistically. The difference between the two approaches has become particularly evident in the twentieth century. Qualitative characteristics of the external form of the building and interior spaces are distinguished by the conditions of their formation. For the bulk composition of the outer form characteristic of uniqueness regardless of the complexity or simplicity of its plastic solution. The internal space is multivalued structure consisting of a combination of shapes. This property is shown in the interior of his aesthetic perception change a variety of experiences and is used in the composite organization, based on the spatial perception of the room enclosing surfaces. The composition of the means of expression is the essence of a composite task. The aim is to achieve a composition of the integrity and unity of the interior experience. The basis of the solution space is the unity choice of accepting development envelope of interior surfaces: tectonic, fine-tectonic and decorative. Features of each receiving help identify aesthetically-shaped the quality of interior space.

The interest to the Bible as to a unconventional source of scientific interpretations has increased now; researches of the Scripture texts with reference to various scientific areas including the history of architecture and urban planning are carried out. The purpose of this article is an attempt to comprehend the information about biblical settlements from exegetic positions. Aside from spiritual meanings in the sacred texts, we found a variety of information about the elements of the urban environment. All biblical settlements can be classified on the principle of the authorship of creation: by the Lord God and by man. The Lord God made habitats: Paradise, Israel camp, the New Jerusalem. In the Bible, there are some specific information and detailed descriptions on the basis of which it is possible to define the principles of organization of the territory: it has signs centric geometrically regular planning system, which reflects the idea of the polar world order. The author's hypothetical graphic reconstructions are presented. About ancient biblical cities, built by people (Jericho, Babylon, Jerusalem, Bethlehem and many others), there is only fragmentary and contextual information about the elements of the urban environment. Their planning concept is not clearly defined, although evidence of archaeological excavations and historical certificates exists. The theme of the heavenly Jerusalem had a significant effect on the utopian projects of the «ideal» cities.

Cluster approach is one of the effective means of the region’s economic development. The main strength of the cluster is its unique concentration of scientific institutions, clinics and business. For the full functioning of the cluster territorial, production, human resources, and the availability of educational centers are necessary as well as higher education institutions and research centers. This investigation describes characteristics of regional cluster formation in the health care system. The primary task of our work is to determine the conditions which are necessary for the formation and successful operation of clusters. For carrying out this task we made the analysis of foreign and domestic experience of cluster formation and as a result, we had identified the main trends and priorities of functioning of the medical cluster. Also, we studied the classification of medical clusters and identified the life science cluster as one of the most important trends of health care system. As a result, we suggest the method of cluster formation on the region’s territory and determine the composition of participants. Finally, we suggest a typological model of life-science cluster. This model was tested on the territory of the Kazan agglomeration.

Arguing with the city, it is necessary to overcome bias concerning small settlements. To remain «small» doesn't mean stagnation or lack of ambitions at all. Considering the concept of sustainable development of the urban environment as the complex development strategy, smaller cities can become the experimental platform for the working of the methods of its realization, both in social, and in landscape/planning aspects. The main problem touched in the article concerns opportunities of new ways of development of the small cities in Post-Soviet time, on the example of the town Vyatka Glades. The offers on the structural transformation of buildings of the downtown area which have appeared in the design decision, first of all develop pedestrian availability of new points of an attraction of the town, offer a more ordered model of the transport movement, and also represent a wide range of methods of gardening and improvement within the designed territory. In the project we received new, structurally more complex model of the planning organization of the downtown, interconnected by various factors in uniform system, with the hierarchy of system of communications and public knots, accenting the idea of creation of the comfortable environment with the continuous planted trees and shrubs and well-designed pedestrian communications.

The article resumes the master thesis of KSUAE alumna of 2014 and treats an actual problem of amelioration of the quality of urban life by updating of public places. Good prospects of this process is being proved, theoretical basis and best world (Madrid Rio park in Madrid, High line park and Times Square in New York, Millennium park Chicago, Stedelijk park in Antwerpen, Cheonggyecheon park in Seoul etc.) and Russian (Gorky park in Moscow, New Holland island in Saint-Petersburg etc.) cases are being collected and studied. System of actions, levels (strategic (cases of Copenhagen, New York and Moscow), project-based and initiative (DIY, Popup and Crowdsourced Urbanism)) and trends in humanization of public places in cities (car free city, interactions of architecture and landscape, temporary solutions as an experiment, reuse of vacant industrial zones etc.) are being revealed and may be applied to Kazan with its Old-Tatar settlement and Kremlin surroundings.

In article the «theoretical town-planning model» (the traditional approach to the organization of spatial and planning structure of the city based on the general scientific principle of deduction) which has developed in architectural and town-planning practice of the second half of the XX century, including the following hierarchical levels is considered: uniform system of resettlement – regional system of resettlement – subregional system of resettlement – the city – the planning district of the city – the residential area – fragment of the residential area. The main problems which have arisen within this system in the field of the organization of the subject and spatial environment of the city come to light. The second part of article is devoted to alternative inductive approach to the organization of spatial structure of the city. The prerequisites of his formation originating in environmental approach of the 1980th are considered. The author's technique of drawing up town-planning programs of the organization of the subject and spatial environment of the city and «inductive town-planning model» of creation of spatial structure of the city which cornerstone the principle of an ergotsentrizm is represented. In correlation with the master plan of the city on its base the model of the complex organization of his subject and spatial environment is formed. The principles of realization of this model at the complex organization of the subject and spatial environment at various town-planning levels are stated.

Intensifying rates of urbanization, and the resulting deterioration in the process of ecological indicators require the development of new and innovative approaches humanization of the urban environment. We propose a new approach to the greening of urban spaces, which allows to solve the problems of ecologization and humanization of urban spaces without radical methods of transformation of the urban environment. Introduce the concept «green microzones». Green microzone is non-systemic landscaped object of the urbanized area the size of 5 x 10-8 to 0,3 hectares, performing the functions of creation the appropriate scale of human perception of the environment, management of traffic and pedestrian flows, creating figurative and emotional objects. The main objective of the green microzones is a connection of disparate elements of landscaping system. It is also proposed typology of the goals and methods of creation of green microzones in the urban environment: 1. As a means of creating scales relevant to human perception of the urban environment; 2. As a control traffic and pedestrian flows in the urban environment; 3. As a means of creating figurative and emotional perception of the urban environment. All this gives an opportunity to create green microzones of different sizes, and allows you to solve various problems in any areas.

Large modern industrial city, is the core transport and logistics system of the region. The construction of logistics distribution centers (LDC) is an integral part of this system. When developing project proposals for the location of the LRC in addition to feasibility studies, it is necessary to consider a wide range of urban planning issues. In terms of socio-economic development of the metropolitan areas of the Republic of Tatarstan special attention is paid to the formation of the region's logistics infrastructure. Kazan in the short term, due to active development of transport and logistics infrastructure, at the level of advanced foreign standards, can become the most important Russian transport hub. For more effective implementation of the concept of perspective development of existing LDC territories of the Republic of Tatarstan, professionals need to take into account the advanced foreign experience in the implementation of project solutions in the construction of logistics parks. The strategy for the development of these objects is determined by the enabling technologies in logistics and their impact on spatial and planning solutions of existing distribution centers. It is important to study the experience of the construction and operation of such logistics parks abroad. This study allows to identify the main trends in the development of logistics centers: the complexity of the problems in the placement of infrastructure, organization of autonomous engineering support, greening built-up areas. The identified trends can be considered in developing the recommendations of the urban planning solutions in design of logistics centers based on their class.

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of deformability of flexural members with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. The study used fiberglass and basalt FRP rebar. The tests were performed at short duration of load application. The study considered calculation methods of guidelines: US – ACI 440.1R-06 and Russia – SP 63.13330.2012. Theoretical data deflections and width of cracks were compared with experimental data. In considered methods parameters varied: in SP 63.13330.2012 factor ?f, taking into account the uneven distribution of the relative strain of tensile reinforcement between the cracks; in ACI 440.1 R-06 factor ?, taking into account the duration of load action. Most similar results to the experimental data has the method of ACI 440.1R-06 at factor ? equal to 2. Based on the results of the analysis of the obtained results developed a series of recommendations: calculation of the strains recommended by the method of SP at factor ?f accepted equal to ?_f=1-0,8?M_crc/M And the ACI method at factor ? equal to 2. The data obtained indicate the need for improvement the calculation of serviceability limit states of SP 63.13330.2012 method.

General algorithm of steel construction unit operated in a corrosive environment life prediction is developed and tested. Regression analysis software utilities are used for modelling of corrosive wear. Presented in the article the algorithm allows to determine dates of further safety operation and to plan capital repair of buildings and constructions structures. With a view to solve multiparameter question of life prediction the successive formation of initial parameter by the most significant characteristic, which is described by the six general steps, used. In this case, correcting of design parameter number depending on the calculation task, engineering system criticality and required level of evaluation reliability seems possible. Performed procedures demonstrativeness achieved by using PC classical design products that are at the command of engineer, for example, by using MathCAD multifunctional system. In addition, the article shows, that the presented algorithm allows choosing most convenient regression model. This fact is so much important, especially when accounting task of actual degradation of each element of rated section is stated, that by the best way provides an approximation of structural model according to the real work of technical system. Presented in the article life prediction procedures describes at the example of real technical system, monitoring of the state of that was organized by the specialized organization, that shows practical significance of stated recommendations.

For the majority of climatic regions of our country the durability of modern heat insulation materials in the working conditions is questioned. The main limitations of the most popular heat insulation materials application: mineral cotton and foam polystyrene are shown on the basis of critical matching of the modern energy efficiency protecting constructions. The life time of the given materials is much lower than that indicated by the manufacturer. The low longevity of the effective heat insulation materials will demand a significant investment for the frontal constructions repairing in the near future and in that case the repairing works are to be paid by the building owners and not by the manufacturers, who skillfully conceal consequences of the given materials application. The probable cost saving of the expenditure reduction on heating is unlikely to cover the main part of the repairing and use expenditures of those ecologically inoffensive heat insulation remnants. The low fire resistance of foam polystyrene puts at threat the safety of the building exploitation. This material emits a great amount of toxic smoke during firing. The possible ways of the given problem solution are considered: the application of materials, possessing the much longer lifetime, ecologic safety and greater heat accumulating capacity.

The article provides constructive solutions anchor links used in bridge structures, as well as in industrial and civil buildings, ranging from simple, ending the current solutions are widely used in European countries. The analysis is applied to the fact that the anchor links are an important element in steel-concrete composite structures for collaboration reinforced concrete slab and steel slab of ribs. We analyze the existing methods for calculating the strength of the anchor links that are based on dependency empirical shear forces are determined by the amount of shear stresses at the contact of the upper steel beam and concrete slab belt that does not lead to an economical and reliable solution. The paper proposes to move the power to define the expression based on the formula Zhuravsky. The bearing capacity of the contact weld is proposed to define the basis of the stress-strain rod and concrete contact, considering not a single beam, consisting of a steel plate and ribs, and floor slab reinforced by a plurality of ribs, beams. We consider the calculation model, when the bearing capacity of the contact is determined by the concrete and the anchor rod when either concrete or rod is in an elastic, elastic-plastic or plastic stage. The formulas for calculating the interface «steel-concrete» on the basis of the calculation models. We also give a formula for testing the strength of the anchor rod for reduced.

In the design of large-panel buildings regulatory documents are recommended to address the issues of protection of buildings against progressive collapse. The article presents the results of a numerical investigation of stress-strain state of load-carrying system of frameless multi-storey building in case of emergency impact. Reviewed the work of three types of panel joints, concrete pins, reinforced concrete pins, and a system of vertical joints «PFIFER», the analysis of their stress-strain state. It is found that when injected into the junction of the embedded parts is a redistribution of effort resulting in increased bearing capacity and reduced deformation of the joint. A disconnect joint system «PFIFER» has greater strength and less deformability. Based on this analysis, the proposed constructive solution to ensure the continuity system of large panel buildings using embedded parts of the system «PFIFER». Considered three variants of load-bearing systems no-welding joints: as initial model adopted the carrier system calculated without taking into account progressive collapse; the model was calculated considering the progressive collapse; the model using continuous reinforcement in the panels (providing continuity system in the upper and lower part of the panel introduced the ropes), calculated taking into account progressive collapse. Equal tension in the joints, located over local destruction. In case of an emergency impact on the bearing system of the building, designed according to the proposed structural solution with any possible scheme of local fracture redistribution of stresses between the elements of the joint. This leads to increased resistance of the frameless building carrier system to progressive destruction.

Most popular structures of steel trusses in some cases do not have an economic efficiency including maintenance costs. Nowadays, steel multi-faceted cross-section supports of power line have found wide uses in the power industry. This article is about using of galvanized multi-faceted cross-section tubes as chords of steel trusses. The authors offer new solutions of multi-faceted cross-section to form a joint plate. The article considers the search of the most rational shape of multi-faceted cross-section. The authors propose constructive solutions of trusses with chords from multi-faceted galvanized tubes of variable section along the length, and braces from galvanized profiles of constant section along the length which attached by bolts to the joint plate. To confirm the possibilities and efficiency of multi-faceted cross-sections in chords of trusses, by the methods of comparative analysis, computer simulation and variant design carried out researches. As a result of research the most rational form of multi-faceted sections, designed assortment, set the efficiency of their use as a chord of trusses are found.

The article presents a structural element and a method of manufacturing a three-layer profiled wooden wall beam, consisting of the exterior wood boards with a thickness of 30-45 mm with final finishing, and an inner layer of insulation made of wood-fiber plates. As the cross sectional shape of the beam taken existing profiles laminated boards for walls. For bonding all layers use polyurethane resin. Grading lumber is performed with inserted insulation, which improves the accuracy of manufacture. The advantages of the proposed technical solution of three-layer beams is the lack of an impermeable adhesive joint according to the thickness of timber that circulates steam through design, using only natural materials (wood, polyurethane resins) for the manufacture, high manufacturing precision, small deformation of the shrinkage of the finished structure, high heat transfer resistance and heat capacity, which reduces heat loss and also reduce the cost of heating and air conditioning in comparison with other designs, reuse of waste in manufacturing. The disadvantages include higher requirements for quality of raw materials for the manufacture of face layers and for the insulation boards, as well as high demands on the quality of installation.

Currently, there is no standard approach to the calculation of the joints on the emergence and expansion of cracks. However, the norms prescribed to perform the calculation of reinforced concrete structures for the second group of limit states. Multivariate theoretical, computer and experimental studies, as well as inspection of building structures, indicate the need to perform such a calculation. Therefore, the aim of the work is to establish a methodology for calculating the contact joints on the emergence and expansion of cracks. The article presents the results of experimental studies crack resistance crushing zone of concrete columns reinforced with transverse reinforcement. The compressive force directed along a column axis, and eccentricity. For the analysis of applied research concrete resistance to compression theory and nonlinear deformation model. The individual results of theoretical and numerical studies have been published previously. During the experiment, the results of numerical and theoretical studies have been confirmed. The general regularities, composed dependencies specified application limits for the calculation methodology. According to information received revised formulas, supplemented by recommendations on designing.

The article deals with the question of determining the horizontal deformation of precast concrete skeletons of multi-storey buildings, taking into account the compliance of joints. At the same time, considerable attention is paid to the definition of the load from wind exposure for complex shapes of buildings, with more than two storey floors. Comparison of displacement values obtained as a result of the calculation frame model 30-storey building in a variety of software systems, which showed the need for programs that simulate wind flow around structures. The authors proposed sequence determination movement building frame sequential simulation using software systems with and without taking into account the compliance of joints, the value of which is determined using the stress-strain diagram of concrete in compression of the experimental-theoretical method. The proposed sequence of calculation of precast frame will allow a more accurate assessment of its deformability, to prevent possible accidents during its exploitation.

The article presents the results of numerical studies of the impact of the construction of the underground part of a residential complex on the territory of the Galeev ravine in the Soviet district of Kazan on the condition of the buildings of the existing building. In the design of the complex was envisaged filling the ravine ground up to 11 meters and construction of raft-pile foundations under the building complex. The foundation is designed from precast composite piles with a total length up to 25 m after filling the ravine conducted trial piling. This piling revealed a negative effect of vibration effects on the stability of the slopes of the ravine. There was a need to develop protective measures against the impact of new construction. These measures defended by the bases of existing buildings, located off the coast of the ravine. In conducting research for numerical calculation of characteristic cross-sections, located in the area of buildings designed in a LIRA model were created. These models reflect the features of the construction site and loading conditions. The following factors were examined to select the most secure mode of immersion of piles: influence of driving 1st (low to the slope) of the line of piles; the influence of technology of leader well; the influence of the shielding effect of the previously downtrodden piles and bored piles; the influence of immersion scheme piles inside the zone bounded by the screen created from a previously arranged piles. Based on the analysis of the calculation results, conclusions and recommendations were made.

Building of underground constructions of deep foundations, especially in the vicinity of existing structures is a very complex and demanding task. In order to timely detect the influence of underground construction on the state of the surrounding buildings practiced conducting monitoring of the construction process. The article presents an analysis of the monitoring results conducted within 12 months from the start of the underground 4-storey outhouse to the building of the former Shamovskiy hospital in the city of Kazan. On the walls of the existing building have been installed deformation stamps, and the crack width gauges installed. Not less than once a month surveying method determines the level of deformation stamps and estimated readings of the crack width gauges. At the time the research was completed the construction of bored pile barriering designs, developed ground, leaving a soil berms, erected part of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame of the underground 4-storey outhouse. As shown by the results of monitoring, the development of the deformations of the existing building started long before the start of the excavation of the soil in the pit. A significant impact on the surrounding buildings in this in the first place has the technological process of construction works, namely: device bored piles of large diameter when the device of the barriering designs. However, despite this, at the time of the study values of maximum sediment individual sections of an existing building does not exceed the limit values set by regulations.

Due to the ground base property deterioration because of the long soaking, foundations in rammed pits of an apartment building on the Tatarstan street in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny received a significant settlement. Therefore, part of the building is currently in critical condition. Based on the engineering geological conditions of the site and the building condition analysis developed a technical solution for foundations strengthening. For ground base strengthening proposes a variant of the pressure cementation method, defined technological parameters to perform injection works. In the process of cement mortar injecting into the ground under the base pressure, the mortar enters into the weakest area of the array and creates a rigid reinforcing element from solidified mortar. Ground array after strengthening can be considered as a complex composite system, consisting of rigid reinforcing elements, compacted ground regions around these elements and uncompacted ground regions. The authors performed the evaluation of the ground compressibility characteristics, predicted after strengthening works, at the same time were used the results of experimental researches. According to calculations, the grounds strengthening can significantly increase the ground array deformation module and avoid further deformation of the building.

The advancing growth of gas consumption over the pace of development of gas distribution networks and, as a consequence, their work in off-design conditions, leading to frequent violations of modes of gas supply, as well as the high accident rate associated with aging assets of the fuel and energy complex in the gas supply market determine the relevance of a number of research problems, pursuing mostly the optimization goal. Presents the most frequently applied method of constructing the optimal configuration of the network capabilities the results of their application. Received an alternative method of optimizing the trace gas distribution network. The factors affecting the optimal configuration of gas distribution network: the used material of the pipes, the volume of gas consumption by subscribers of the network, the number of steps for adjusting the gas pressure, the location of consumers and their under-preparation to the source of the gas. It is shown that at the optimal choice of trace gas networks achieved significant economic effects.

An experimental study of a new design model of the device with the impeller, which is intended to stabilize the ventilation air flow, is done. The main elements of the device are: impeller, perceiving the impact of air flow, connected to segment valve, which regulates device resistance and an elastic member that restricts the angle of rotation of the impeller with valve. On the stand measured the pressure loss in a model of the device at certain air speeds in the channel and angles ? of rotation of the impeller with a segment valve. Rotational moments from the air flow effect on the impeller, are measured. Results are presented as the dependence of the pressure loss factor of coefficient ? of the device and the steering angle and ratio k, which characterizes the rotational moments. The results are shown as the formulas and graphs. Relative error is within 9 %. The obtained data can be used for designing and calculating geometrically similar devices. Stabilization of ventilation air consumption, for example, in natural exhaust ventilation systems reduces significantly the cost of heat energy to heat of an excessive amount of air, that provides expediency of investments in such devices.

Heat transfer equipment is widely applied in systems of industrial heat power engineering and industrial technologies in various industries. Currently, the creation of intensified heat transfer equipment is a very actual problem. One of the ways of solving this problem is the use of heat-exchange elements, ensuring the twist of the flow of fluid, and in particular, the screw pipe type «confuser-diffuser». As you know, these channels showed a high effectiveness as modulators of convective heat transfer in experimental studies. Correct calculation of heat exchangers is a fundamental task for the engineer. The results of experiments to determine the hydraulic resistance and the amount transferred through the heat exchange surface of heat, as is known, the generalized criterion equations, which as a typical size used is equivalent diameter. The article is devoted to the method of calculating the equivalent diameter of the screw pipe of type «confuser-diffuser». In this paper we have obtained expressions for the description of the boundaries of the cross section of the channel. The formulas to calculate the wetted perimeter, cross-sectional area and equivalent diameter is interesting from a practical point of view. The results of this work can be used in the design and calculation of a new intensified heat transfer equipment.

In recent years a new type of convectors with both natural and forced convectors enters into the market of domestic heating appliances. The constructive solution of that heating device allows using it in designing of heating systems for buildings with the increased glass area and enhanced humidity levels. One of the basic characteristics of any thermal heating device is its heat emission, which magnitude mainly depends on its design features. In addition, the magnitude of the heat flow also depends from temperature loads and flow rate of heat transfer agent through the device. The numerical values of these quantities are necessary in carrying out of thermal calculation of heating appliances in the designing of heating system. In the modern reference literature such data for the floor convectors are absent. One of the major problems in designing of heating systems is a hydraulic calculation, which predetermines the correctness of operation of the system. Such calculation is not possible to produce without the numerical values of the hydraulic characteristics of the floor convectors. In this situation it became necessary to test a series of floor convectors with natural convection.

The drying process is one of the most common operations in the production of building materials. Drying may be used as the final stages of production when the finished products are its stage conditioning properties, and at the stage of raw material preparation, including the purpose of preheating the raw material or modifying its properties. In the production of most building materials convective drying method used in a hot air stream which is used as a drying agent, preheated in a steam, or an electric heater for the recuperative heat exchanger. In some productions of combustion products used as a drying agent, diluted with air to the required temperature. For each material or device is necessary to select their own, is not always fixed, the drying regime characterized by optimal coolant for the material parameters (temperature, relative humidity, velocity). These settings must correspond to the optimal conditions under which the material dries out in the shortest possible time while maintaining all the required properties, requirements to the target drying. In the experimental studies of the kinetics of drying mortar sand and wood (pine) chips, made the necessary calculations of the process, to assess the feasibility of using regenerative convective drying of building materials, built corresponding graphic dependences of drying kinetics, showing the energy efficiency of the process of drying.

Tighter environmental regulations forced the company to pay proper attention to solving the problem of high-quality treatment of wastewater at the discharge of their in natural bodies of water. The problem here is that the composition of waste is multicomponent and unstable, as well as the economic costs of processing plants and the reagents are significant. In addition, a variety of purification systems of treated water for chemical components in the composition and method of their origin causes the need for research based on specific conditions of production enterprises. The article investigates the optimal conditions for the catalytic decomposition of peroxide compounds waste water production of styrene and propylene oxide, providing increased availability for biodegradation of waste. The possibility of degradation of peroxides in neutral and acidic media wastewater in presence of a catalyst. The thermal decomposition of peroxide compounds using ferric ions Fe (II). The proposed methods allow the destruction of peroxides to achieve a high degree of purification of waste water from these components, and produce high-quality biological refining of manufacturing water production of styrene and propylene oxide by means of organic compounds biodegradation.

In recent years, the quality of tap water is not always correspond to sanitary and hygienic standards for potable water. The main reasons for this are: the deterioration of the water quality of water sources, the emergence of new anthropogenic pollution, the use of outdated technologies of water treatment and secondary pollution in its transportation systems. To improve the quality of tap water is widely used compact installation of various designs based on different methods of purification. The most promising direction of deep cleaning of tap water with the help of small units is the use of electrochemical activation devices. The department «Water supply and sanitation» of Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering developed a pilot plant for purification of tap water by electrochemical activation. The unit consists of strainer, electrochemical activator tap water such as «Emerald», the capacity for purified water, connecting pipes and Valves. Research of efficiency of the installation work was carried out at the facilities of Kazan and Almetyevsk. Analysis of the results showed the efficiency of this setup for purification of tap water.

In this article, we set and solved problems of determining the motion of a viscous liquid in the pores of the coarse granular coalescing nozzle with a linear resistance law. During the liquid filtration in the pores of the loading, liquid particles move with speed and acceleration changing in magnitude and direction. Because of the motion complexity, the velocities of the individual particles cannot be considered. Therefore, similar to the filtration theory, flow rates through a certain area are considered, and not velocities. The volume depends on the arrangement of the loading granules in a cylinder. The joint analysis of the calculated and experimental results showed satisfactory agreement of the hydraulic gradient values in a coarse loading about 4,0 mm fraction at a temperature of 20 0С, 30 0С, 40 0С, 50 0С and velocity from 50,9 to 97,4 m/s; and 17,5 mm fraction at a temperature of 20 0С, 30 0С, 40 0С, 50 0С and velocity from 60,0 to 115,7 m/s.

The low water resistance of gypsum-cement-puzzolan binder based on low-braned gypsum with a low content of portland cement and active mineral additives limits its wide use in construction, as a result applying of bonding material with increased consumption of portland cement and active mineral additives is more dominate method. It is shown that one of the most effective ways to improve the water resistance of gypsum cement pozzolanic-based products which are made of the low-grade gypsum is a volume and surface hydrophobicity. In this scientific work, the effect of a number of water-soluble and water-insoluble hydrophobic additives on the rheological and mechanical properties, to determine their optimal content in the mixture was studied at the first stage. In the second stage features the combined action of hydrophobic and plasticizing additives were set, complex additives of multifunctional action was developed and patented. It was found that the most effective for the surface-hydrophobic gypsum cement pozzolanic stones are silicone composition to an organic solvent «Tiprom®M» and organic silicon compound «FES-50» (polyphenylethoxysiloxan) [C6H5Si(OC2H5)]n allowing to increase the compressive strength at 34 %, the softening rate – 95 %. The most effective for bulk hydrophobic gypsum cement-pozzolan binder based on low-grade gypsum are homogeneous mixture of oligoethoxysiloxan «Ethyl silicate-40» (RO-[-Si(OR)2 O-]m–R, R=C2H5), water emulsion of octyltriethoxysilane «Penta®-818» organosilicon compound «N-octyltriethoxysilane» C8H17Si(OC2H5)3, allowing to increase the compressive strength of gypsum cement-pozzolan brick by 44,7 %, flexural strength – by 9,5 %, softening factor – on 63,3-93,9 %. The developed multifunctional complex additive improves the compressive strength of 2,57 times, the flexural strength – 86 %, softening coefficient – 2,02 times. The samples of the following characteristics: compressive strength – 55,9 MPa, flexural strength – 19,5 MPa, softening coefficient – 0,99 – were obtained.

Today the introduction of blended cements with various mineral additives is the leading principles of the concept of «sustainable development» in the cement industry. In Russia the production of composition cements is regulated by state standard specification with number 31108-2003 according to which introduction of mineral additives is allowed up to 65 %, however in practice about 75 % of the produced cements is limited to cements with the content 5 % of additives. At the same time, scientists established that the combination of silica-alumina puzzolanic admixtures (slags, fly ash, microsilica, metakaolin, burnt shale) with microfillers (limestone flour) gives synergetic effect. The results of a research of influence of complex additives based on calcined clays and carbonate flour on the properties of the blended cement paste and stone are presented. As clay raw materials the Novoorsk clay of the Orenburg region was chosen. As carbonate fillers Dobryatinsk and Kamayevsk limestones, and also Matyushinsk dolomite were taken. Influence of quantity and a type of carbonate filler as a part of complex additive on the properties of the composition cement paste and stone is investigated. It is shown that the blended cement with complex additive based on Dobryatinsk limestone have the best properties.

The introduction limestone and dolomite additives in cement is one of the promise and effective way in reducing the CO2 emission. The results of research the influence of carbonate additives on the physico-mechanical properties of the blended cement stone are presented. As the carbonate additives Dobryatinsky and Kamaevsky limestone and dolomite Matyushinsky were chosen. The effect of temperature and curing conditions on the strength characteristics of the blended cement stone are shown. It was established that the physico-mechanical properties of the cement stone and the rheological properties of cement paste are depend on the chemical-mineralogical composition of carbonate additives. It has been shown that a significant impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the blended cement stone and water demand of cement paste with carbonate fillers the chemical and mineralogical composition of the original carbonate have, like the presence of clay impurities too. The highest strength of the blended cement stone occur with the addition up to 10-15 % of Dobryatinsk limestone.

In the work investigated the use of aerosil (amorphous silica) as coupling agent for wood filled PVC formulations to improve the interfacial interaction between PVC and wood flour. Samples were prepared by extrusion on a twin screw extruder. Studied the effect of aerosil on technological, physical, mechanical and performance properties of the composites. It is shown that its use leads to a slight difficulty processing composition, namely increasing the melt pressure in the die from 51 to 57 bar and the engine load greater than 2 times. However, the optimal concentration of aerosil in composites (0,75 phr) causes an increase in strength of the composites by 27 %, reducing their water absorption is 2,3 times, and flammability. Thus, the modification of wood-polymer composites based on PVC by aerosil is more efficient compared with previously used coupling agent (silica sol) is not optimum, only the improved properties of composites, but also processability, requiring no modification changing the existing for their manufacture.

The use of fine-dispersed mineral filling in the compositions of mortars is not only effective way of saving Portland cement, but also allows to adjust the physical and technical properties of mortars. The article presents the results of the study of the basic properties of plaster solutions with sludge waste additives from thermal power plants: strength, density mortar and hardened mortar, water retention, adhesion to the base, frost-resistance. It was found that the use of this additive in the amount of 10-35 % allows to obtain plasters of M 50-100, which have sufficient strength and frost resistance and can be recommended for interior and exterior use. The obtained solutions according to the indicators of early strength is not inferior to solutions on commodity cements, even when reducing the amount of cement by 35 %.

In recent years a growing interest in fine grained concrete as core concrete for the production of load-bearing reinforced concrete constructions is raising. This is due to the deficit of high strength crushed stone from igneous rocks in the European part of Russia and the constant rise in transportation cost component of high-strength crushed stone. Sand for concrete differ externally and in chemical composition, depending on the sands of different grain composition, surface morphology and strength properties. The article examines the influence of these parameters on the properties of fine-grained concrete. With the increase in fineness modulus of sand decreases air entrainment, and with an equal fineness of sand maximum strength is achieved on the sand of the river Volga. The dependence of water-reducing effect of superplasticizers from the grain composition of sand is shown, as well as the optimum sand grain structure of the maximum effect. As a result, 60 mPas strength fine-grained concrete was produced.

The use of self-compacting concrete can significantly improve the quality of concrete products. To make it, you need to choose the right superplasticizer, which will provide a low water-cement ratio and good mobility. Especially important is the optimum dosage of plasticizer, as self-compacting concrete has a number of fine features, leading him to the sensitive bundle recipe: increased consumption of cement increased consumption of plasticizers, reduced consumption of filler, excellent rheological properties. This article discusses the effect of consumption of cement and superplasticizer on the properties of fine-grained concrete mix, such as density and air entrainment, and on the kinetics of a set of concrete strength. The possibility of increasing the strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete sand by choosing the type of superplasticizer. The regularities of time spreading of self-compacting concrete on the dosage of the superplasticizer.

Currently there are a lot of plasticizers, giperplasticizers and superplasticizers of different brands in the domestic market. However, the effectiveness of these supplements declared by the manufacturer primarily for the compositions based on cement. It is known that the alkalinity of the medium has a significant effect on the operation of plasticizing additives in the binder. This makes it necessary to study the work of modern plasticizing additives in the gypsum cement-pozzolan compositions. The studies have established a positive impact of plasticizing additives on the rheological properties of the gypsum cement-pozzolan binder based on low branded gypsum and technogenic raw materials and the physical and mechanical properties of the composite gypsum cement-pozzolan stone. It has been shown that the introduction of plasticizers in the composite binder can improve the performance properties of products based on gypsum cement-pozzolan binders, resulting in increasing the flexural strength of 65,2 %, the compressive strength – by 69,9 % as well as increase water resistance by 39 %. These results are achieved by reducing the water demand of the mixture and the formation of a more dense and homogeneous structure of samples on the basis of gypsum cement-pozzolan binder modified researched plasticizing additives. This will greatly expand the scope of products on the basis of the modified composite binder in the manufacture of a wide range of building products.

Further development of the production and use of Portland cement to a certain extent is linked to the expansion range of the supplementary cementitious materials and their application volumes. The most significant kind of this supplementary material in terms of raw materials base is ubiquitous and cheap raw clay, which is used in the calcined and a ground form. Pozzolanic activities of local raw materials depend on its composition, calcination temperature and features of hydration. This article presents the results of the thermal analysis of clays with different polymineral composition of 7 different deposits. The intervals and peaks of the 5 endothermic effects related to mass change due to water loss of the different coherence and to decomposition of the certain non-clay minerals and pozzolanic activity are determined. The dehydration kinetics of the clays with determined for each temperature peak and weight loss in different intervals is studied. The kinetics of dehydration of clays of different mineral composition with loss of free, adsorptive, zeolite, crystal and constitutional water is connected with pozzolanic activity of calcination products, which is caused by changes in state and form of crystal lattice, breaking of certain bonds, partial destruction of crystal lattice of clay minerals and their disintegration on separate oxides.

The involvement of concrete waste in construction is one of the promising areas of recycling this waste while reducing the consumption of natural mineral resources. The aim of this work was to study the effects of the introduction of fine screening concrete waste to replace a portion of Portland cement in the binder for construction materials, in particular mortar, on primary physical-mechanical properties of solutions. The result of the executed researches is to establish the possibility of obtaining a mortar with replacement of up to 15 % of Portland cement in the binder for fine screening of concrete waste without significant reduction in strength characteristics of the solution and not inferior to the performance properties of industrial analogues. Maintaining the strength of the artificial stone with the introduction of additives fine screening of concrete waste in the composition of the binder when replacing part of Portland cement is a manifestation of the effect of steric constraint and hardening process not previously hydrated particles of Portland cement clinker in the additive.

We have studied the effectiveness of flame retardants in the composition of plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions, intended for processing by extrusion, which was carried out on a twin screw extruder. The influence of fire retardants on the flammability of composites on the physical and mechanical properties, are set depending on the concentration of flame retardants, the degree of dispersion and hydrophobicity. It was found that with increasing content of flame retardants in all indicators of fire resistance of their efficiency is improved, while self-combustion was reduced by an average of 65 %. Indeed, it was found that an increase in the content of flame retardant fillers leads to a natural reduction in the mechanical properties. However, the samples containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide with a small particle size quite satisfy the requirements of plasticized PVC containing 30-40 pbw plasticizer. Thus, in the production of film-based materials calendering PVC plasticized-retardants is desirable to use fillers with a minimum grain size (20 and 40 microns). All the used flame retardants can be recommended as PVC excipients, including most likely hard and products where no such role antiperiruyuschaya schematic.

A review of the scientific and technical literature in the field of romantconcrete and hydraulic lime was conducted. The data about the composition of binders and its physical and technical characteristics showed. It was found that in existing at the date national standards romantconcrete is not mentioned. Some information is available only in the educational and scientific literature. Romantconcrete and hydraulic lime can be an alternative to cement by energy and metal consumption of production, environmental friendliness, cost, especially in regions where there is no production of cement or there is a deficit, as well as 5-7 % lower concrete consumption of construction. One of the promising methods, leading to an increase in the technical properties of hydraulic lime and romantconcrete, derived from carbonate-clay raw materials, is the modification of binders with individual and complex chemical and mineral additives. The possibilities of modifying of low burning hydraulic binders by chemical supplements – hardening accelerators, plasticizers and bridging supplements. The analysis found that many aspects of the production, the composition and properties of low burning hydraulic binders, remain unsolved, and the limiting factor of their production and use is the lack of strength. In this direction the research is extremely limited.

There is an increasing of building industrial installations all over the world at the present day. The constructions of these buildings have to be up to qualities of consumers. The floor covering is paid special attention, because the floors take different loads. The comparison of the main types of the plant buildings’ floors is listed in the article. These types are: ceramic tile floor, vinyl floor covering, concrete floor, epoxy coating, polyurethane coating, brick tile floor etc. The comparison study is made concerning the cost, the time of floor making and some properties of the floor (physical and mechanical, operating abilities). The process of flooring by vinyl is the quickest. As for physical and mechanical properties, concrete floor and vinyl floor covering are the best. Concrete floor is also the most economic and the least labour-consuming. Using self-consolidating concrete helps to simplify the technology of concrete floor construction in plant buildings.

The article presents data comparing the actual and the normative duration of the construction of large residential buildings in Kazan. Collected statistical array of background information for large-type series of buildings. The analysis showed that the implementation of investment projects, the rich variety of new space-planning and design solutions, methods of organizing production and construction technology of construction and assembly works, we need to significantly improve the valuation methodology duration of the construction of buildings and structures. On the basis of the analysis showed that the values of deviations of actual indicators of the duration of the construction of the standard lead to the conclusion that the period of construction of housing 14 and 17 storey buildings much higher than the normative terms of construction. Comparative analysis of existing good practice and the duration of the construction of buildings and structures shows that the total duration of the construction of residential buildings is the sum of the durations of the preparatory period, the device underground and above ground parts finishing. This method of determining the duration of the construction is suitable for the organization of building a consistent method.

The article deals with the currently existing problem of ensuring technological reliability of works on capital repair and reconstruction of buildings and structures of mass housing development, provided with large-panel apartment houses of typical series. The article presents the data of housing in Kazan for the time of construction and maintenance. By analyzing them, we can conclude that the capital repair and reconstruction of housing in Kazan will last a long time. In spite of the existing differences between clients, contractors and operators, the work must be performed both at the expense of budgets of different levels, and at the expense of private investors who finance only commercially profitable projects. The time of work is influenced by many factors, both objective and subjective, and often even the weather. The current system of tenders for works on repairing and reconstruction did not take into account climatic conditions. Therefore, the development of project documentation and acceptance of constructive and technological solutions needs to be considered to perform works in adverse weather conditions. All additional work and costs, raise the price of construction and, accordingly, reduce the profits of the contractor, if possible, should be taken into account in advance at the design stage. Thus, the development of organizational and technological documentation is encouraged to develop standard routings for each type series, subject to repair houses with the possibility of binding maps to the actual timing of the start of works and preliminary agreement with the relevant operational services.

The main objective of the study is to develop new technologies and methods to simplify and reduce the cost of installation work in modernization of existing production facilities, in particular in the modernization of cooling tower tower type. The developed technology of without crane installation for major repair or renovation of metal towers allows to perform works on replacement of emergency building structures of the inner frame, the dismantling of the system of conduits, outdated units irrigation provides installation of new water distribution system and advanced polymer blocks of irrigation in the cramped conditions of the existing production enterprises with minimal time for preparation and production installation and much lower cost on the use for these works of tower and Jib cranes. The developed technology of without a crane installation allows you to perform a custom or complete replacement of internal building structures and technological equipment, irrigation systems in inaccessible places inside the tower type metal cooler. The technology has been implemented and tested during the overhaul and modernization of several metal towers of thermal power plants of JSC «Tatenergo» and JSC TGC 16.

In the construction industry, namely in plants for the production of building materials, structures and products widely operating hoisting equipment (bridge cranes) are designed for lifting and moving loads inside plants and storage of finished products. Operation of lifting equipment in a safe mode as well, the duration of their services mainly depends on the technical condition of crane structures. As a rule, many enterprises lack of project documentation in the crane design. In this regard, there is a need to «restore» the technical documentation on crane structures, one of which is «the project crane path». When the «restoration» project documentation for the crane design is necessary to perform complex work related to inspection of supporting structures, the main component of which is the visual examination, including external examination of the structures, as well as detailed examination and instrumental inspection of technical condition of elements and components, their measurement, and surveying the actual situation of the investigated structures. In this case it is advisable to combine the work of experts, producing a comprehensive examination of the crane structures, assessment of their technical state, design engineers, as well as the specialized certified laboratories to determine the characteristics of the materials from which made the main elements of the crane structures. The result of this work is the design documentation for crane way.

The article proposed method and device for the preparation of colored concrete. The method is that the container loaded with material reported complex spatial motion with an irregular per revolution angular velocity. The amplitude of change of the angular velocity in a single revolution, selected in the range of 0,1...0,9 the value of the average speed and the frequency of the change within 120...290 min-1. The method is implemented by a device consisting of two coupled four-bar spatial mechanisms with crossed axes of hinges and two tanks, mounted on crank mechanisms. Sides of the housing, connected with the leading cranks have a constant angular velocity, and other parties associated with the slave cranks, a variable angular velocity, with capacity have opposite spin. As a result, they create the same in magnitude, but opposite in sign to the inertia moments, which balance each other on the bed and do not apply. Under the action of complex, uneven spatial movement and an additional inertial effect intensify preparation of a colored concrete mix is balanced and at the same time the device. A method and apparatus are protected by copyright certificates on the invention. Production test preparation colored concrete one hundred percent showed the uniform distribution of pigments of the dye throughout the volume of the mixture. Multi-function device in addition to mixing the concrete mix showed high technical and economic indicators in other processes: mixing of different feed products, seed treatment, washing of root and tuber, grinding the seeds of sugar-beet haulage, skins of fur animals, etc.

In the context of the raging worldwide economic crisis, taking into account the need to ensure continued economic development, reduce pollution, economical use of all resources and technology, the subject of a rational choice of construction machinery and equipment is becoming more important. The relevance of the article is to develop procedures for the selection of the dredger for dredging sand and gravel from the bottom of the Kama River, providing a reduction of performance time, reduction of material costs for the preparation and execution of works, minimizing potential accidents dredge, as well as reducing the negative impact on the ecology of the reservoir. In order to solve this problem, the domestic and foreign dredgers Nizhegorodets-1, Nizhegorodets-2, ZRS-M, Beyer B550, the formulas for calculation of these parameters were analyzed, presented the design scheme and operation of the dredge was conducted patent research, based on which have been proposed various methods for improving productivity, revealed their advantages and disadvantages. The article is devoted to a rational choice of a dredger on the basis of a systematic approach, which consists in selecting the dredger performance by calculating the main parameters. When comparing the domestic and foreign dredgers was identified a significant gap in a number of characteristics, such as performance and maximum depth of excavation. Therefore, on the basis of the modern Russian development recommendations for the introduction of innovative technology resources and increase the efficiency of the dredger in order to increase the volume of soil excavated from the bottom of dredger Kama rivers and other water bodies of the city of Perm and the Perm region.

Construction is one of the most injury-causing industries that connects with a large amount of the operating production factors which have fixed character or are present potentially, than aggravate the high level of professional risks. The substantiation for the relevance of a problem to increase the level of labor safety in construction follows for consideration of statistical data from official Russian sources. The analyzed information from 1980 up to now by the quantity of employed in harmful and dangerous conditions, their consequence on an injury rate (including decease) and occupational diseases clearly shows the existence of problems in the field of labor safety, though quantitative decrease in absolute values of key parameters of statistical assessment of labor safety processes takes place. In construction it is necessary to consider a significant amount of the factors determining its high injury risk and also that many of them are permanent factors, and others are potentially dangerous and aggravate with its industrial hazards. The need to develop a methodical handbook on the organization and performance of work in the field of labor protection in case of implementation of installation and construction works on building sites is proved in the article and in case of practical organizational activities of the construction entities.

Investigations of the influence of a number of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on the physical and mechanical properties of clay soils were done. As clay soils were considered: the silty easy loam with containing of relict minerals more than 85 % (52,49 % quartz), the kaolinic clay with containing of the mineral kaolinite up to 95 %, the bentonite clay with containing of montmorillonite up to 70 %. As the physical properties were chosen the fluidity and rolling-out limit, the optimum moisture content and the maximum density, strength – the ultimate compressive strength. Data on changes in the properties with the introduction of polycarboxylate superplasticizers was got. The most effective polycarboxylate superplasticizer showed maximum efficiency. It determined that in the ground with the most clay minerals traced greater influence these additives, especially in case of kaolinic clay. Adsorption surface-active reagents on clay minerals surfactants in clay-water system lets to reduce the surface energy on the interface, thereby increasing the density by decreasing the water requirement (optimum moisture content), lower fluidity and rolling-out limit, and ultimately increase the strength of the soil. The positive effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizers both the physical and mechanical properties of the cement stone, and on physical and mechanical properties of clay soils explains the increase in the strength and hardiness soil-cements modified such additives.

Nowadays there is no comprehensive solution of recycling of environmentally aggressive oily waste generated at all stages of the life cycle of oil production and refining. The accumulation of sludge in the process of exploitation of oil fields is due to emissions from the preparation of oil discharges, during cleaning tanks, oil-containing drilling fluids used in the manufacture of drilling and discharges under test and workover. A method for processing and disposal of solid sludge consists of the production and road-building materials based on local mineral materials and road pavement layers of commercial roads and platforms based on it. Pilot production introducing the research results showed that the production of the works can be series-produced road cars, machinery and mixing plant. The proposed method of utilization allows to overwork solid oil sludge– neftegrunt completely without the formation of secondary waste, which in turn contributes to environmental safety in the production and refining areas, and the use of oil sludge for road construction is now a part of environmental management in the Republic of Tatarstan.

In Japan various coating technology was researched and developed, which during the process of operation are subjected to large seasonal temperature changes and heavy rainfall. The technology is developed to solve problems of the coating ageing and reduce environmental problems. Draining coatings, absorbing noise. The surface of the coating is more porous than conventional asphalt, it allows water to seep down, then water flows on a sloping impervious surface in the direction of the drain. The coating has a non-slippery surface, even in wet weather. Permeability also suppresses noise from the tires. Water retention coating. Water is retained in the asphalt concrete and the temperature of the coating is reduced due to the evaporation of water. Thermal insulation coating. Special paint is applied to the surface of the coating to reflect infrared rays from the sun and thus reduce the heat which accumulates in the coating. Paint controls the temperature rise on the surface of the pavement, improves the thermal environment in hot weather. For roads in urban areas that are used exclusively by passenger vehicles, reduced geometrical parameters. Lane width was reduced from 3.25 m to 2.75 m. This allows to reduce the cost of construction, especially in the presence of a bridge or tunnel and the construction can be completed in a shorter time. For high-speed roads in rural areas, are proposed to design 2 line roads that can be built with lower cost, compared with the 4 line high-speed roads. In order to ensure mobility of elderly and disabled people, improvements of transport accessibility of sidewalks separated by a dividing strip (lawn). In cities where traffic jams occur almost every day, it is desirable to improve the intersections. But it is difficult because of the impossibility of obtaining land. On the other hand, in rural areas where the population is shrinking, there is an urgent need to open large shopping malls and to have an accessibility to modern medical care, that is, infrastructures that will allow all people, including the elderly and persons with disabilities to live a full life.

In the article was reviewed the questions of kinematic accuracy of manipulating industrial robots. Received dependences of linking the overall error positioning of the robot through an inaccuracy, parameters programmable manipulator and its position in the working area. Stated and solved the direct and inverse problem of kinematic accuracy manipulation robots. The error of the robot positioning depends on many factors: the accuracy of the processing management system, controlled, generalized coordinates of the actuator, the accuracy of processing the details of construction, the deformation of the main units and gear mechanisms and other factors. In various robot operating conditions the most important role can play a variety of factors. Below is a look at one of the major components – a kinematic robot accuracy. Under the programmable values of the generalized coordinates will understand the value found for a given position of a gripper device of a robot, but these values are usually determined by solving the inverse problems about the provisions of the manipulator. Set and solved the direct and inverse kinematic precision manipulator robots.

We consider the problem of stability of elastic-plastic cylindrical shell under longitudinal impact. It is known that for a metal shell with certain ratios of thickness to the radius of the buckling under longitudinal compression occurs beyond the elastic limit. Elastic-plastic material properties are characterized by a diagram with linear hardening, we use the theory of deformation without regard to unloading. For the two types of loading of the shell critical load obtained taking into account the finite speed of propagation of longitudinal waves. Under a critical load refers to the load at which the frequency of the bending oscillations is equal to zero. The problem is solved in the axisymmetric formulation of the first passage of the longitudinal compression waves along the shell. It is shown that if the longitudinal impact values of critical loads are more sensitive to the nature of the stress state behind the front of the longitudinal wave than to the consideration of the finite speed of propagation of the latter.