New issues - Известия Казанского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета.

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ARCHITECTURE THEORY AND HISTORY, HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE RESTORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
Agisheva I.N., Pokka E.V.  Works of the architect Konstantin MelnikovСтр.7
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the research is to reveal the stylistic features of the creativity of the architect Konstantin Melnikov in the situation of the embodiment of new architectural forms in the new social system, such as communal houses, kitchen factories, clubs for workers. Results. The main result of the study is the study and analysis of the three-dimensional structure and the functional-planning solution of some works of the architect Konstantin Melnikov. Such works include: the communal house project (1922), the pavilion for the International Exhibition in Paris (1925), the garage parking project for a taxi for 1000 cars (1925), club of Rusakov (1927-1929-s). Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the architecture consists in revealing the creative approach of the architect Konstantin Melnikov – this is a purely individual embodiment in each architectural creation of the authors vision of the artistic form as a flow in the architecture of the Soviet avant-garde called formalism.

Keywords:
formalism, vanguard, modern architecture, space-planning decision.
Akhmetsagirova E.I., Aidarova G.N.  Principles of architectural and spatial organization of city embankments on the example of KazanСтр.15
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of the article is the development of universal principles of architectural and spatial organization of city embankments and methods for their solution. Results. The main results of the research consist in proposing the use of principles revealed on the basis of an analysis of theoretical studies and practical experience for some unorganized types of water spaces in Kazan. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the architecture is that the revealed principles of the architectural and spatial organization of city embankments can be universal for any coastal public space, in this or that combination and filling. The analysis of the territory, taking into account the factors of a particular location, allows one or another set of principles and methods of organizing a public coastal environment to be used, taking into account the minimum, optimal or maximum possible means inherent in a particular section of the urban environment.

Keywords:
principles of architectural and town planning organization, city embankment, ecology, water resources, water protection zones, coastal zones.
Ibragimova A.F.  The location principles of the urban sculpture in the open public spaces of the architectural environmentСтр.23
Resume:

Problem statement. Identify the characteristic principles of the location of urban sculpture in open public spaces of the architectural environment. Results. Deduced the basic principles of the sculpture’s location in the open public spaces in the architectural environment: domination, integration, symbiosis, destruction and nomadism. Conclusions. The significance of the deduced principles for the theory and history of architecture lies in the fact that the formulated concepts based on the relationship between the elements of the «environment-sculpture-human» system represent a kind of «mirror» reflecting the contemporary interaction between the architectural environment, society and the art of sculpture.

Keywords:
architectural environment, urban sculpture, monumental sculpture, monumental and decorative sculpture, architecture, monument, open public space, city design, public art, urban environment.
HOUSES ARCHITECTURE. THE CREATIVE CONCEPT OF ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITIES
Gabdrakhmanova I.I., Akhtiamov I.I., Akhtiamova R.Kh.  Adaptive architecture, as a reaction of the city to changing needs of societyСтр.32
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of this work is to find solutions to the citys adaptation to the ever-changing needs of society and to identify the main types of adaptive architecture on the basis of analysis of projects of foreign and domestic architects and researchers in the field of adaptive architecture. Results. In the course of the work, the main types of adaptive architecture are identified (temporary, digital and reanimating architecture). As a result of the work, generalized models are offered that demonstrate the advantages of the reanimating architecture comparing to capital construction. Conclusions. The refusal of construction on the new territory in favor of the introduction of adaptive architecture in the existing building of the city makes it possible to adapt the outdated typology of buildings to the new needs of society, to increase social activity in degrading areas, to preserve spatial resources and to strive with the problem of sprawling cities.

Keywords:
adaptive architecture, temporary architecture, digital architecture, reanimating architecture.
Mubarakshina F.D.  The architecture of ice and snow: the vanishing beautyСтр.41
Resume:

Problem statement. Since ancient times, the use of the ice and snow as building materials attracted people. Of course, these constructions were the most primitive appearance, but this did not prevent the people, who lived along the coast of the Arctic Ocean, in the absence of other building materials actively use the structural features of ice and snow in the construction of a needle type dwellings. In article features of construction of the needle, the traditional domestic winter dwellings of the Eskimos, which is a small domed structure made of snow bricks. The purpose of this article is to study the world experience of construction of buildings made of ice and snow. Results. The article considers the positive side of the ice construction: - high aesthetic effect from the perception of beautiful appearance elegant and spectacular white transparent ice structures; - economic effect: icy objects is a huge contribution to the development of foreign and domestic tourism industry; - cultural-cognitive effect: ice complexes is one of the means of actualization of the historical, cultural and architectural heritage; - educational effect: the construction of ice is a great way of teaching students, the future architects. The article studies the world experience of the ice objects design. The nomenclature that includes the most characteristic types of ice architecture is developed. The historical stages of the emergence, formation and development of the architecture of the ice and snow are identified. Conclusion. The tasks to improve the functional, technical and aesthetic qualities of the ice architecture.

Keywords:
architecture of ice and snow, igloos, seasonal architecture; the nomenclature of ice architecture objects.
Salyakhova M.R.  The architecture of ice and snow in JapanСтр.49
Resume:

Problem statement. On the example of architecture of snow and ice in Japan, perform analysis of constructive solutions and construction technologies. And also to show the possibilities of the practical use of ice and snow as a material unusual, but quite durable and inexpensive raw material for the construction of seasonal structures. Results.Identified features, advantages and disadvantages of a unusual architectural and constructive use widespread in nature material. Based on a study of the modern experience of erecting seasonal structures from ice and snow in Japan, they are classified according to some criteria. Conclusions. The use of modern technology makes extensive use of snow and ice as renewable construction materials. And their physical-mechanical and structural properties provide an opportunity to create objects of different complexity. Prospective application of these materials is due to the following factors. First, the creation of such unique structures does not require large economic costs. Secondly, the profitability of such facilities is obvious. Investments are profitable from a financial point of view, which contributes to the development of the tourism industry. And an important factor is the influence of such architecture on improving the cultural and cognitive attractiveness of Japan as a whole.

Keywords:
snow, ice, ice architecture, building material, hotel complex.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT, RURAL SETTLEMENTS PLANNING
Dembich А.А., Zakirova J.A., Latypova М.S.  Kazan – resources and prospects of polycentric developmentСтр.57
Resume:

Problem statement. The article is devoted to the consideration of the transition from a monocentric spatial model of the development of a large city to the formation of a territorial polycentric structure. The study is relevant for the city of Kazan as a reflection of a new stage in the spatial development of the city. Results. The main results of the research consist in developing a methodology for identifying and forming centers of functional concentrations that are formed in the middle and peripheral zones of the urban structure as the core of the planning (or administrative) areas and equalize the functional imbalance characteristic of the monocentric model. The centers become «catalysts» for the development of urban development and gradually «pull» adjoining urban fabric. The methodology is tested on the local territories of the city of Kazan, in particular, the existing structure and resource potential of the Volga region, its main spatial, socio-economic characteristics, as well as the opportunities and limitations in their development are explored. Conclusions. Thus, in the authors study on the topic «The Polycenter of a large city (based on the example of the Kazan municipal formation)», a conceptual apparatus is constructed that most accurately reflects the essence of the ongoing processes of spatial development of the citys territory. A methodology is developed step by step revealing the essence of research, design actions for identifying zones of functional Concentration and the formation of centers of planning or administrative areas, as well as approbation of the developed methodology on the example of the Kazan municipal formation.

Keywords:
city, polycentricity, administrative area, planning area, centers of functional concentration, central functions, resources.
Zalyotova Е.А.  The possibilities of change the green-dense features, as modern paradigm of planning and reorganization of the urban settlementsСтр.67
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the article is to reveal key structure-forming parameters capable to become the main paradigm of modern planning and reorganization of the urbanized settlements. Results. Need of reconsideration of the attitude towards density aspects of urban morphology was formulated. The new formula of planning development of the urbanized territories is given: density + green = sustainable city. As approbation of this approach work on the structural and planning organization of the residential area in Kazan is presented. It’s show the result of how landscape and density components of dwellings are capable to change the morphology and to create a scaly and livable environment. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the urban science consists in the differentiated densification strategies are able to lead to higher level of sustainability of the urban environment. Reorganization of the existing unique urbanized structures, for the purpose of development of planning strategy adapted to a context has to become the main objective of city planning. The acquired practical receptions of the embodiment of similar strategy can be applied in further development of the urbanized territories, both new, and already developed.

Keywords:
sustainable development, compact city, densification, dense and green features, blue-green infrastructures.
Smolova M.V.  Typological variety of subway networks as the reflection of spatial and layout city structureСтр.75
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Problem statement. The analysis of operational, constructed and projected subway systems in the previously considered cities and in over 100 other world cities showed that their type depended upon the city street network structure which is the principal component of the city lay-out in general. There is no doubt that the same dependence of the subway system upon another component – the way functions are distributed and concentrated in the city, which is proved by the above considered experience of projecting and building subway in London, New York, Paris, Tokyo, Moscow. Results. The main types of subway networks result from the analysis of their development in various world cities, they are as follows: linear, radial, complex branching, closed branching, circular-radial, diagonal grid (lattice). Conclusions. Revealing the correspondence of the subway the to the city lay-out provides the opportunity of purposeful selection of an optimum network design and reduction of subway development options considered.

Keywords:
the subway underground network, city street network structure, transfer stations, subway type.
BUILDING STRUCTURES, HOUSES
Zamaliev F.S.  To the evaluation of the stressed state of prestressed steel-concrete composite beamsСтр.87
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim is to develop a methodology for assessing the state of stress of composite prestressed girders considering prestressing losses and long-term processes. Results. For different variants of the structural design of prestressing beams of the steel-concrete composite section, considering the initial prestressing of the profile only, and also the compression of the concrete and the steel profile from the prestressed reinforcement forces and losses with time, new expressions were obtained describing the stress state of the steel-concrete composite steel beam, as well as losses due to creep and shrinkage concrete. Conclusions. A method for evaluating the state of stress of prestressed composite steel-concrete beams. Write the formuls of stresses in the concrete, the steel profile of the prestressing forces. Defined in loss of prestress prestressing the reinforcement in the concrete due to its creep and shrink.

Keywords:
prestressed steel reinforced concrete beam, loss of stresses, strain, creep, shrinkage of concrete.
Kayumov R.A., Ibragimova А.А.  On the assessment of the maximum load of a reinforced concrete wall subjected to unilateral action of moisture Стр.98
Resume:

Problem statement. The reinforced concrete wall is given under the influence of the vertical axial load and the influence of moisture. It is believed that the concrete from the effects of moisture degrades over time. We assume that the strength of the reinforcement does not change with time, so we take into account the drop in strength of concrete only. The aim of the work was to develop a methodology for describing the process of degradation of reinforced concrete structures. Results. In this paper we use the law of moisture diffusion in concrete and Ficks law in the process of degradation. These equations are solved numerically by the method of finite differences. The convergence of the method of minimizing the step with respect to time and step along the coordinate was investigated. A technique for determining the diffusion coefficients is developed using the example of processing the results of an experiment for a gypsum cement-pozzolan stone. Conclusions. An engineering formula has been obtained for the determination of leached slaked lime concrete, according to which we determine the residual strength of concrete according to the work of Rakhimov R.Z. аnd Altynkis M.G. These calculations allow finding the ultimate load of the reinforced concrete wall at any time.

Keywords:
reinforced concrete, durability, corrosion, degradation, diffusion, leaching.
Kayumov R.A., Muhamedova I.Z., Hanafiev A.G., Tazyukov B.F.  Method of calculating the tent coveringsСтр.109
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical method for calculating the tent structure in a geometrically nonlinear setting. Results. Development of a technique for calculating the load-bearing elements of the tent structure under the action of static and wind loads. Also, the calculated model of the behavior of the elements of the tent structures in a geometrically nonlinear setting in the program complex «Lira-SAPD» is realized. Numerical experiments have been performed to analyze the stress-strain state with varying geometric parameters of the elements of the tent structures. Conclusions. The constructed regression dependences allow to define the stress-strain state in the tent with variation of the geometric parameters of the tent structure.

Keywords:
methodology, model, tent, stress, truss, experiment, calculation, movement.
Kuznetsov I.L., Gimranov L.R., Salakhutdinov M.A., Fakhrutdinov A.E.  Joints perfection of steel trusses with chords of hollow polygonal cross sectionСтр.116
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of this research work was the development of reinforcement solutions of roof trusses chords consisting of zinc-coated pipes of polygonal hollow section with constant thickness ranged from 4-6 mm. Cross sections is formed from blank plate of constant width in such a way that it has gusset along of the length of a chord. Results. Its determined that forces which act on a gusset with thickness from 4 to 6 mm are larger than allowed by statical calculations. Therefore 4 different reinforcement solutions are developed for achieving robust force transferring from brace members of the truss to chords. All reinforcement options exclude welding, which damages the galvanized coating. Finite element models of a part of the top chord of the truss in reinforced state were created and analyzed for all four types of reinforcement solutions. Conclusions. The significance for the construction industry lies in the fact that the coefficients of the efficiency of amplification are obtained. The reinforcement by bending the slots is rational for all the thicknesses considered; reinforcement by installing the intermediate plate is less effective than bending; the preload of bolts in the case of bending is most effective at a thickness of 6 mm, with a thickness of 4 mm is not effective.

Keywords:
polygonal cross section, cold forming profile, chord of truss, longitudinal plate, bolted connection, finite element model.
Kupriyanov V.N.  On the issue of assessing the applicability of insulating glass to ensure standardized natural lighting in buildingsСтр.124
Resume:

Problem statement. The light transmission of insulating glass used in the construction market varies from 15 to 75 %, which complicates the choice of the double-glazed windows in terms of the amount of light transmission to ensure the standardized value of the daylight factor (DF) in the buildings. Result. A method for selecting insulating glass in terms of the amount of light transmission is proposed to provide a standardized value of daylight factor (DF) in the premises of buildings. Conclusions. The method allows to estimate the required area of translucent apertures when using insulating glass with a certain amount of light transmission to ensure standardized natural lighting in the premises.

Keywords:
glass, insulating glass, light transmission, daylight factor (DF).
FOUNDATIONS, UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
Antipov V.V., Ofrikhter V.G., Ponomarev A.B., Shutova O.A.  Numerical modelling of dynamic impact from a single vehicle on the existing buildingСтр.131
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the research is to identify the possibility of making an adequate numerical model of the dynamic impact of a single vehicle on an existing building using as a basis of data from express methods of multichannel analysis of surface waves. The research of the impact of vehicles on the foundations of buildings and structures is relevant because now in Russia there is no standardization of the vibrational impact of vehicles. Results. The main results of the studies consist in obtaining values of vibration acceleration at the calculated point of the foundation in numerical modelling. The obtained accelerations are close enough to full-scale values: the arrangement is not more than 11 % for the maximum vertical component of the acceleration and not more than 30 % for the maximum horizontal component for a cargo vehicle and a bus. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry lies in the fact of possibility of using as the initial data the results of multichannel analysis of surface waves and obtaining correct results in the numerical simulation of the dynamic impact of vehicles on the existing building.

Keywords:
multichannel analysis of surface waves, MASW, wheel contact patch, damping of soil, dynamic impact on building, numerical modelling.
Shakirov I.F., Shaikhutdinov I.I.  Researches of the bored pile bearing capacity in a soil massive, reinforced by cement mortar pressure injectionСтр.139
Resume:

Problem statement. The researches aim is to determine the changes in the pile foundation bearing capacity during strengthening the soil around the pile by pressure cementation, depending from the cement mortar injection parameters. Results. The main results of the performed studies consist in determining the stress changing patterns in the pile surrounding soil, depending on the strengthening mortar volume and pumping technology, obtaining the data about the effect to the soil reinforcement on the bored pile bearing capacity. The injection of cement mortar into the pile surrounding soil creates a stress zone in the massive, the soil around the pile is compacting, and as a result occurs the compression of the pile and a significant increase of friction along the pile lateral surface. Hardening of the ground by cementation under the pile lower end, leads to an increase in the pile frontal surface, but to a lesser degree than an increase in resistance along the lateral surface. Conclusion. Significance of the obtained results consists in determining the soil strengthening influence degree on increasing the piles bearing capacity, research results can be used in the projects developing process for reinforcing foundations at the reconstruction of buildings with a significant load increase on the existing pile foundation.

Keywords:
ground base, soil massive, hardening, cementation, pile foundation, bored pile, bearing capacity.
HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING, GAS SUPPLY AND LIGHTING
Bagoutdinova A.G., Vachagina E.K., Zolotonosov Ya.D.  Mathematical modeling of heat transfer surfaces of spring-twisted channelsСтр.146
Resume:

Problem statement. When developing the heat exchange equipment many methods of an intensification of heat exchange are used. One of perspective is the method when the form of a heat exchange surface changes. In this regard the class of spring and twisted tubes which have high power efficiency is interesting, allow to modernize and reconstruct the existing heat exchange devices without essential capital expenditure. Results. In work the mathematical model allowing to describe and construct heat exchange surfaces of pipes of difficult configurations is offered. Varying the parameters entering mathematical model it is possible to conduct a full research and optimization of internal geometry of the considered pipes. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction area is that the proposed heat exchange elements are installed in innovative heat exchangers installed in individual heat points. In addition, the proposed mathematical models describing the surfaces of spring-twisted channels can be used not only in the development of modern heat exchange equipment, but also in construction in the design of various structures, as well as in the design of connecting surfaces of sections of pipelines of different diameters.

Keywords:
surface, hydromechanics, heat exchange equipment.
Taymarov M.A., Lavirko Yu.V.  The heat generating unit with the pyrolysis gas generationСтр.158
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the work is to study the thermal characteristics of a designed and manufactured combined heat-generating unit for use in heating systems. The unit allows to receive charcoal and pyrolysis gas from the raw wood raw material. Results. The main results of the study are that with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature from 400 °C to 600 °C, the hydrogen content of the pyrolysis gas increases, which causes a reduction in the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas obtained at a temperature of 600 °C. The optimum temperature for producing pyrolysis gas is a temperature of 500 °C, at which the intensity of hydrogen formation is small compared to the amount of methane formed. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry lies in the possibility of building boiler plants that use pyrolysis gas as the working fuel. The process of pyrolysis gas production must be carried out at temperatures of about 500 ° C, in which the share of methane in the pyrolysis gas is about 20 % by mass, and the share of hydrogen is about 15 %. If the pyrolysis gas will use as a gaseous fuel burned at 600 ° C (the proportion of hydrogen is 21 %), will need special burners because of the high rate of hydrogen burning compared to the combustion of methane. Pyrolysis gas with an increased hydrogen content of up to 21 % has wider ignition limits in a mixture with air compared to pyrolysis gas obtained at temperatures of about 500 ° C.

Keywords:
pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas, composition, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, wood, temperature, calorific value, excess air, limit of ignition.
WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, WATER CONSERVATION CONSTRUCTION
Zakhvatov G.I.  The role of some addition factors in electro neutralization process of water emulsionsСтр.167
Resume:

Problem statement. The article have a course to investigate some addition factors, influencing on the efficiency dividing of water emulsions by electro neutralization method. Such factors as the ion power of environment, the time of preliminary electro treatment of emulsion and the time of supplementary settlement are regarding. Results. It is established, that every factor play a considerable role in electro treatment process by electroneutralization method. It is shown that ion power of water inviroment decrease the process efficiency with value 0,04 and more. For law current density (0,1 А?dm-2). For higher current densities (1 А?dm-2) her influence is negligible. The practical conclusion is made about using the greater current densities for treatment of detergent and degreases solutions. The preliminary treatment of emulsions by this method has more essential meaning. The results are showing that after preliminary treatment of emulsions in such conditions as next process the dividing of emulsion is more effective. The increasing of efficiency is gradually decreasing with the rise working time. The most effect is reaching for 4-8 hours. The increasing of efficiency occurs more sharply for supplies with horizontal electrode system. The supplement after electro treatment increase effect of emulsions dividing too. The results are showing the increasing of emulsion stability destruction for first 3-10 hours. Conclusions. The results of investigation shall allow increase essentially of electroneutralization method efficiency for its using in canalization systems of building enterprises and another object. The effective recommendations are doing for improvement of quality for waste water cleaning and regeneration of different technology solutions.

Keywords:
electro treatment, water emulsions, cleaning of waste water, electroneutralization treatment.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
Bogdanov A.N., Abdrakhmanova L.A.  Research of influence of surface-active substance on properties of clay raw materialsСтр.174
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the work was to study the influence of surface-active substance (SAS) of various nature on rheological properties of clay weight at a mass preparation stage. Results: SAS introduction in ultra-doses has allowed to improve the plasticity of brick loams that allows to renounce in technology of brick production the application of several types of clays for correction of properties of clay weight, having replaced plastic clays with additives from structure of low-tonnage construction chemistry. Conclusions: The importance of the received results for branch of production of construction ceramics consists in decrease in costs of production due to the growth of volumes of production, decrease in volumes of cargo transportation and decrease in energy consumption on raw drying.

Keywords:
clay raw materials, surfactant, loams, suspension.
Zareznov D.A., Sagdiev R.R., Shelikhov N.S.  Low-bending hydraulic binders with mineralizersСтр.181
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibility of increasing the physico-mechanical characteristics of low-bake hydraulic binders with the help of mineralizer additives. Results. The main results of the study are to determine the most effective mineralizer additives that intensify the burning process of binders. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry to establish the possibility of increasing the technical performance of low-bending hydraulic knitting additives with mineralizers, which will partially replace the more expensive Portland cement in construction.

Keywords:
romantsement, mineralizers, calcination, carbonate-clay raw materials, hydraulic binders.
Lapin I.V., Kuznetsov V.G., Aminovа G.A.  New modifications of metals in modern productionСтр.188
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to consider the introduction of highly promising new materials in the construction industries. Create effective porous materials that have unique characteristics that are useful not only for production, but also in many spheres of human activity. Results. The main results of the study are the methods for the production of foam metals by various technologies, types of processing of products. The characteristics of porous structures for the further formation of open and closed pores are shown, as well as the production of closed-cell and open-celled aluminum. Conclusions. The importance of use in the construction industry will greatly expand the scope of application of metal foams in the form of fireproof partitions and facing material in facade elements of buildings, light and fireproof elevator cabins, increase the rigidity of hollow profiles, strengthen anchors in concrete walls, manufacture heat-resistant damping materials and much more. The main factor is the further improvement of technology and the reduction of the cost of the ferro-metals. Of technical interest is impregnation of a porous material (foammetal) with various liquid substances.

Keywords:
porous materials, metal foams, open and closed pores, pressing and sintering.
Stroganov V.F., Sagadeev E.V., Vahitov B.R.  Application of model mediums for the biostability assessment of mineral construction materialsСтр.196
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to select the composition of the model medium for assessing the biostability of mineral construction materials. Results. The main results of the study are that experimentally justified and proposed the composition of the model medium (consisting of monobasic acetic, dibasic oxalic and tribasic citric acids) for modeling the processes of biodeterioration of mineral construction materials. The role of individual carboxylic acids in the modeling of biodeterioration processes of cement-sand mortars is estimated. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is that as a result of the studies carried out, the composition of the model environment for the assessment of the biostability of mineral construction materials was selected. Found that the presence of acetic acid in carboxylic acids model mixture should be minimized or completely eliminated by replacing it with another combination of carboxylic acids.

Keywords:
cement-sand mortar, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, model medium of carboxylic acids.
Shelikhov N.S., Smirnov D.S., Mavliev. L.F., Sagdiev R.R.  A survey of historical structures when restoration of the Cathedral of the Kazan icon of the Mother of GodСтр.203
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to reveal the physico-technical properties and conditions of the found remnants of the historical floors and masonry of the Cave Cathedral of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, as well as the possibility of using them in the constant and crowded mode of operation of the temple. Results. The main results are the study of building materials using standard methods and methods of nondestructive testing and establishing the characteristics of the ruined remains of the concrete floor and the brickwork of the Cave Cathedral of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry of architecture is to establish the characteristics and composition of fine-grained concrete flooring residue to assess the possibility of restoration of the Cave Cathedral of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

Keywords:
ruined residues, concrete floors, masonry, inspection of buildings.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION
Mudrov A.G.  Optimization of spatial devicesСтр.216
Resume:

Problem statement. Since the space group of the apparatus with stirrer and group spatial faucets are new developments of technology, it is necessary to check them according to the criteria of the development of technology and to optimize all the criteria. The peculiarity of these devices is that they have a special structure - the links and the axes of their hinges located spatial, connection links just for standard rolling bearings, linear and angular parameters are interrelated in a certain way, the violation of which leads to malfunction. In the development of such devices was a huge gap between theoretical research and practical use in engineering, as scientists could not produce the metal no model or full-scale specimens. Results. Optimized: the main criterion of development, shape and size of the container, the sliding and separation of particles, the pressure of the moving parts on the base frame, the rotational speed, the degree of heterogeneity of the mixture, the relationship of device parameters, operation modes. Conclusions. A new group of spatial units with a stirrer and mixers are created from idea to implementation in production. Designed and optimized taking into account the criteria of development to a highly effective, versatile, low-power, multifunctional devices.

Keywords:
criteria for the development, optimization, rotational joints, spatial mixers, machines with an agitator.
Mukhametrakhimov R.Kh., Shafigullin R.I., Kuprijanov V.N.  Development of radioprotective schungite-containing gypsum-fiber facing sheetsСтр.224
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the research is to develop radioprotective shungite-containing gypsum fiber facing sheets, which can be used in the device of partitions in rooms with sources of increased electromagnetic radiation. Results. The main results of the study are to establish the effectiveness of a binary active mineral additive for a gypsum cement-pozzolanic binder, including metakaolin and shungite in a ratio of 1:3, estimated from the absorption of CaO. It has been established that the introduction of schungite in an amount of 5-10 % of the weight of binder allows increasing the flexural strength of gypsum fiber based on it up to 11,2 %, further increase in its content leads to an increase in the water requirement of the mixture, to the dilution effect of the binder and reduces the strength limits of grafting. Dependences of the attenuation coefficients of electromagnetic waves and the ultimate strengths of bending of gypsum fiber on the content of schungite (0-30 %) in the compositions studied are established. It was found that with an increase in the shungite content, an increase in their protective properties was observed in the investigated electromagnetic waves frequency intervals (2-6 GHz). Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry consists in obtaining shungite-containing gypsum-fiber articles intended to protect various objects from the effects of electromagnetic radiation.

Keywords:
electromagnetic radiation, composite materials, radioprotective constructions, radio absorbing properties, schungite, gypsum-fiber sheets.
Khuziakhmetov R.A., Nurieva D.M.  Assessment of a condition of a slope of a ditch at the device of the pile basesСтр.232
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes of violation of town planning legislation that led to the collapse of the earthen slope of the excavation, the overturning of the pile-driving copra and the death of the machinist pile-driving copra. Results. The main results of a research consist in definition of stability of a slope of a soil when clogging reinforced concrete piles near a brow of a slope of an underlying ditch. Calculations are carried out with application of four known methods – Fellenius, Cray, Tertsagi, Chugayev. Loss of stability of a soil was caused by a disbalance of external and internal forces (presence of the construction equipment and the stored materials near a slope and sole weight of a soil). Calculations were carried out for six options of loading of earthen slope. The option at which there was a collapse of a slope explicitly is presented in article. Conclusions. The significance of the received results for the construction industry in need of multifold study of safety issues at all stages of life cycle of construction objects, since preparation of a design assignment, researches, projection, construction, operation, repair, reconstruction etc.

Keywords:
traumatism, accident, ditch slope brow, stability of a slope, prism of collapse of a soil, engineering-geological conditions, pile-driving.
ROADS, SUBWAYS, AIRPORTS, BRIDGES AND TUNNELS DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Loginova O.A., Nikolaeva R.V.  Alternative solutions of crossings in different levelsСтр.244
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the study is to generalize data on alternative diamond-shaped intersections at different levels with a change in the direction of motion. Results. The main results of the research are that, at the present moment, three schemes of diamond-shaped intersection have been revealed with a change in the legality of the movement. These types of intersections have a smaller number of conflicting points, compared to the intersection of the «rhombus» type. Operational experience showed a decrease in accidents. At the junctions, cyclists and pedestrians can move. Conclusions. The obtained results of the research give an idea of the level of design of alternative types of crossing abroad. The considered interchanges can be used not only when crossing high-class roads, but also in cities, in the conditions of existing buildings.

Keywords:
transport interchange, diverging diamond interchange.
ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF CONSTRUCTION AND MUNICIPAL ECONOMY
Semenov D.A., Vahrushev S.I.  Analysis of the environmental problem in the construction of buildings and structures in the city of PermСтр.251
Resume:

Problem statement. The aim of the work was the development of environmental protection measures during construction work in the city of Perm on the basis of the analysis of the impact of construction on the environment. Results. In the process of studying the ecology and nature management information in Perm city administration for the year 2014 have been identified within the territory of the city of Perm unfavorable engineering and geological processes, as well as the area of their distribution. Investigation of the effect of the construction industry on the environment and the analysis took place in the city of Perm emergencies caused by human activities, has allowed to formulate measures for the environment of the city of Perm and the Perm edge protection. Conclusions. Revealed the most common environmental actions. There are special environmental protection measures for the territory of the city of Perm, including a preliminary study of hydrological, geological and hydrogeological properties of anthropogenic soil, as well as the consolidation of the soil planting trees, organizing a drainage area, grouting during construction on steep sites and study the little-known spreading suffusion process.

Keywords:
construction, construction waste, geological processes, pollution, environmental risks, environmental protection measures.
COMPUTER SCIENCE, COMPUTER FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT (in building)
Gorskaya T.Yu., Galimyanov A.F.  Approximation of fractional integrals by private sums of the Fourier seriesСтр.261
Resume:

Problem statement. The purpose of this study is the development and application of approximate methods for calculating integrals, which is the part of the models used by the integrals of Riemann-Liouville and the creation of a software product, allowing to carry out similar calculations for the given functions. Results. Main results of the research consist in the construction of quadrature formulas for the integral, there were cases when the density of the integral is a function from space of continuous functions having generalized derivatives with the weight, and H?lder classes of functions with weight. For the proposed quadrature formulas next, we investigated the error of its approximation in spaces of continuous functions and square-summable with weight functions. The study has efficient error estimates approximation of the apparatus in the proposed classes of functions. In addition an approximate method implemented on a computer in the form of a program in the C language. Conclusions. The significance of the results for the construction industry is that when solving the tasks, including the task of finding shapes of structures, considering material properties, environmental changes, models which use integrals of Riemann-Liouvile, you can apply the approximate approach, the quadrature formula proposed in the article.

Keywords:
Riemann-Liouville integrals, Fulier series, quadrature formulas, approximate calculations, error estimates.
Grishina N.M., Mitsko D.I.  Development and implementation of the BIM-standard: a study of management practices in constructionСтр.266
Resume:

Problem. The purpose of the study is to analyze the methods of managing the firms resources in the process of introducing Building Information Modeling based on the development and implementation of the BIM-standard in the construction industry enterprise. Results. The main results of the study are to consider the world and Russian approaches to compiling the BIM-the standard of a construction firm. The study summarizes the goals, objectives, steps from development to implementation of the BIM-standard. The authors proposed new methods for introducing Building Information Modeling in the investment and construction complex on the basis of a systematic approach to solving BIM problems using the BIM-standard. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is that the proposed methods for implementing BIM can be implemented in the practice of construction organizations of various profiles that plan to apply information modeling technology based on the BIM-project implementation concept, taking into account the customers requirements.

Keywords:
Building Information Modeling (BIM), BIM-technology, BIM-standard, BIM-command, BIM-manager, BIM-coordinator, BIM-master, BIM-designer, BIM-Uses, BIM-content, 3D-information model, BEP, EIR, LOD.
Grishina N.M., Chaly Iu.Iu.  Problems and prospects of BIM in high school: development management in constructionСтр.277
Resume:

Problem. The purpose of the research is to study the problems of the process of introducing a new technology of information modeling that arise in connection with the small amount of methodological literature and the insufficient preparedness of specialists in the construction industry who are able to work and develop BIM-technology in the Russian Federation. Results. The main results of the research are the authors’ creation of approaches to the introduction of new BIM-technologies in construction management. The method of research is analytical. The solutions and competences of the integrator company are presented for all stages of the life cycle of the facility in the context of BIM-technology – design, construction and operation. New approaches to the system of training engineering personnel in higher educational institutions for the construction industry are proposed: the progressive process of learning new technology is considered. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for the construction industry is that as a result of the practical application of new methods of training and training of engineering personnel in architectural and construction universities, the construction industry will receive highly skilled managers trained for new realities.

Keywords:
Building Information Modeling (BIM), BIM-command, 3D-information model, BEP, EIR, LOD.
 
Russian (CIS)English (United Kingdom)

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